Foal IGG
Foal IGG
VeraSTAT-V | Foal IgG test
Foal’s Future, In Stable Hands
Benefits of the VeraSTAT-V Foal IgG test
- Measure the failure of passive transfer (FTP) of antibodies which occurs in 10 to 20% of new-born foals in 6 minutes
- Lightweight, portable and convenient POC device delivering results when and where they are required
- Delays in sending samples for lab testing are eliminated, providing immediate on-site Foal IgG testing to assess FTP
- Test results are exported via Bluetooth connectivity so that results can be saved and tracked overtime
- Tests are effective with 10 μl of blood sample to ensure foals receive sufficient transfer
- Intuitive interface provides guidance though the entire testing process, enabling ease of use an interpretation of results
An Introduction to the NEW Foal IgG test
The latest edition to the VeraSTAT-V testing menu is the foal IgG test. Essential IgG antibodies are not transferred maternally to a foal within the womb, meaning the foal is born with no immune system to defend itself from potential bacterial infections outside the womb. Low IgG levels can lead to further complications such as pneumonia and arthritis.
The new born foal only has 24-48 hours in which its intestinal mucosa remains permeable enough to absorb the antibodies, it is therefore crucial to measure whether a foal has received enough IgGs during this timeframe to protect its immune system until it is old enough to produce its own.
Why this test is essential
The VeraSTAT-V device measures quantitative levels of IgG in blood to determine whether a sufficient transfer of antibodies have been achieved. Ideally the IgG levels should exceed 800mg/dL2. Levels below 400 mg/dL indicate inadequate passive transfer and the need for IgG supplementation.
Foals with low IgG levels are usually unable to fight infection and are therefore more likely require veterinary intervention. In this case immunoglobins should be tested regularly to ensure that enough antibodies have been received before the foal can be discharged.
Click here to download Windows App:
- Download VeraSTAT-V Analyzer windows application to your computer.
- Extract the zipped file and double click VeraSTAT-V setup
- Follow the application install instruction to install the application on device
Interpretation of Results
Ordering Information
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VeraSTAT-Sports Performance
Best in the Field
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Eliminate delays in sending samples to labs and receive rapid results for rapid recovery in 6 minutes.
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Requires just a few drops of whole blood or serum, ideal for use at the point of care.
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Lightweight, portable and convenient, the Randox VeraSTAT delivers diagnostic results where and when they are required.
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The Randox VeraSTAT allows for results to be exported via bluetooth connectivity.
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Intuitive user interface guides the operator through the entire testing process.
VeraSTAT-Improve your performance
As the best it’s field, the Randox VeraSTAT device allows athletes to overcome the limitations of other generation tests, providing accurate, cost effective and reliable results that will help users receive the care necessary to get them back on their feet and back to their best.
Monitoring response to exercise is vitally important to an athlete and trainer. While a heavy training schedule can lead to chronic immunosuppression in athletes, it is essential that they receive the appropriate care in the case of a dip in health state. Eliminating the risk of inflammation and infection is essential to preventing disruptions to practice and performance.
VeraSTAT Test Menu
The VeraSTAT testing menu is designed to monitor an athletes immune response to exercise. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) levels are used to guide the treatment of bacterial infections or inflammation associated with tissue injury and other inflammatory disorders. On the other hand, Mxyovirus Resistance Protein 1 (MxA) is used as a key indicator of viral infections. These tests used in combination, can allow healthcare clinicians to determine the best course of treatment and get the athlete back to full health
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
CRP is a Key indicator of inflammation and stress, often resulting from the breakdown in tissues. Overtraining can lead to elevated levels of CRP in the body.
Myxovirus Resistance Protein I (MxA)
MxA is a key indicator of a viral infection which may impact physical performance and activity levels. Unexplained failures are often attributed to recent or current infections.
CRP & MxA VeraSTAT
VeraSTAT | CRP & MxA
Rapid Differentiation of Viral & Bacterial Respiratory Infections
MxA protein has the potential to greatly enhance the rapid detection of viral respiratory infections and increases significantly when there is actuate viral infection.
CRP is the dominant acute phase protein often used to guide treatment of a bacterial infection or inflammation associated with tissue injury, inflammatory disorders, and associated diseases.
Together, allow clinicians to make appropriate decision in supporting antimicrobial stewardship and guide thappropriate use of antibiotics.
MxA
VeraSTAT MxA kit is an in vitro near-patient diagnostic test for the quantitative determination of Myxovirus resistance protein A (MxA) from whole blood. The MxA Kit is used for detection of acute respiratory tract viral infections from symptomatic patients.
CRP
VeraSTAT CRP kit is an in vitro near-patient diagnostic test for the quantitative determination of C-reactive protein (CRP) from whole blood to assess the inflammatory status of the body.
Sample Volume- 7 μL
Sample Type- Whole Blood
Measuring Time- 11 minutes
Ordering Information: VS1004
Sample Volume- 5 μL
Sample Type- Whole Blood
Measuring Time- 6 minutes
Ordering Information: VS1003
Useful Resources
VERASTAT-V
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VeraSTAT
VeraSTAT | Excellence at the Point of Care
Accurate & Reliable Results in Minutes
Why Choose the VeraSTAT?
- Eliminate delays in sending samples to the lab and facilitate immediate decision making at the point of care.
- All necessary reagents are conveniently included in each single use, sealed cassette with no preparation required. All necessary consumables are supplied with the kit.
- Lightweight, portable and convenient, the Randox VeraSTAT can be used in a variety of locations to deliver results as required.
- The Randox VeraSTAT allows for results to be exported via bluetooth connectivity.
- Intuitive user interface guides the operator through the entire testing process.
- Flexible test menu comprising of a range of immunoassay, protein, inflammatory, diabetes & infectious disease markers.
The Randox VeraSTAT is a simple, accurate, portable point of care device which delivers rapid results via the use of patented cathodic electrochemiluminescence technology (C-ECL).
Through this technology, the target analyte in the patient sample reacts with the labelled antibody and captured antibody. After the reaction, unbound or excess labelled antibody is washed away and the labelled antibody complex is excited with electricity, with the electrochemiuminescence being measured and an accurate result produced.
Designed with the aim of offering users the next generation of rapid diagnosis, the VeraSTAT eliminates the requirement to send samples to a laboratory and instead returns results in as little as 6 minutes when and where required.
The superiority of the VeraSTAT allows for users to overcome performance limitations of previous generation tests relating to sensitivity, accuracy, ease of use and cost efficiency. This, combined with a versatile test menu, means that the Randox VeraSTAT is built to outshine and enhance detection in any setting.
Click here to download Windows App:
- Download VeraSTAT Analyzer windows application to your computer.
- Extract the zipped file and double click VeraSTATsetup
- Follow the application install instruction to install the application on device
VeraSTAT User Guide
VeraSTAT Test Menu
C-Reactive Protein (CRP)
CRP is the dominant acute phase protein often used to guide treatment of a bacterial infection or inflammation associated with tissue injury, inflammatory disorders and associated diseases.
Myxovirus Resistance Protein I (MxA)
An informative general marker for the most common acute viral infections. MxA protein has the potential to greatly enhance the rapid distinction between viral and bacterial respiratory infections.
Useful Resources
VERASTAT-V
GET IN TOUCH
VERASTAT BROCHURE
VERASTAT-V
VeraSTAT-V | Veterinary Excellence
Accurate & Reliable Results in Minutes
Benefits of the VeraSTAT-V
- Measurement of a range of major acute phase inflammatory protein markers in animal blood
- Lightweight, portable and convenient POC device delivering results when and where they are required
- Eliminate delays in sending samples for laboratory testing and instead respond immediately to results on-site
- Requires just a few drops of whole blood or serum, ideal for quick and easy testing on-site
- Results exported via bluetooth connectivity so you can save results and track your animals health over time
- Intuitive user interface guides the operator through the entire testing process
An Introduction to the NEW VeraSTAT-V
The latest edition to the Randox Veterinary diagnosis panel is the VeraSTAT-V, a convenient stable-side device designed to detect the earliest signs of inflammation. The VeraSTAT-V measures levels of Serum Amyloid A (SAA), the fastest blood marker to rise in response to inflammation, quickly and accurately.
The VeraSTAT-V device measures quantitative levels of SAA in blood distinguishing systematic infection from injury prone inflammation. Highly accurate results help owners to make informed decisions about the next course of action.
Working examples include monitoring potential inflammatory injuries of a competition horse which has undergone a rigorous training schedule, while high levels of SAA have been detected in foals with sepsis or localised infections, allowing for the early detection of any abnormalities.
Click here to download Windows App:
- Download VeraSTAT-V Analyzer windows application to your computer.
- Extract the zipped file and double click VeraSTAT-V setup
- Follow the application install instruction to install the application on device
VeraSTAT-V Test Menu
VS1002 – Serum Amyloid A (Kit)
The VeraSTAT-V measures levels of Serum Amyloid A (SAA), the fastest blood marker to rise in response to inflammation, quickly and accurately.
Vs1011- Foal IgG (Kit)
The VeraSTAT-V measures quantitative levels of essential Immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies in foal blood
Useful Veterinary Resources
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Inflammatory Biomarker Series: Antioxidants
So far in our inflammatory biomarker series, we have considered the clinical significance of measuring rheumatoid factor (RF) and C-reactive protein (CRP) to detect inflammation. Inflammation, either chronic or acute, is the body’s immune response to protect against harmful stimuli such as damaged cells, irritants or pathogens and can be present in a range of diseases and conditions.1 Measuring inflammatory biomarkers can assist clinicians in the identification of a particular disease or can provide a marker of treatment response. In this blog, we consider the role of antioxidants and identify relevant biomarkers which may be linked to inflammatory states.
What is an antioxidant?
An antioxidant is a molecule that inhibits the oxidation of other molecules. Oxidation is a chemical reaction that produces free radicals, which are groups of very reactive molecules that can interrupt important cellular processes. Antioxidants are commonly referenced with regards to food, however antioxidants are also found in the body in the form of enzymes. Their purpose is to protect against the effects of oxidative stress to reduce damage from free radicals.
What is the link between antioxidants and inflammation?
Oxidative stress and the inflammation associated with it are the cause of most human disease. This would suggest that free radicals are implicated in many disease states for example rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, stroke, or cancer. Therefore antioxidants are important to protect against oxidative damage, thus reducing the risk of inflammation. There are a number of antioxidants which play a protective role the body, such as ferritin, superoxide dismutase, transferrin, uric acid and glutathione reductase.
Ferritin
Ferritin is responsible for storing iron and releasing it when required. Ordinarily, ferritin is found inside blood cells with only a small amount circulating in the blood. Ferritin is clinically significant at both high and low levels. Low levels of ferritin can highlight an iron deficiency which causes anaemia. Whereas elevated levels of ferritin can be a result of conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis, haemochromatosis, liver disease, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes and renal failure.2 As ferritin is an acute phase reactant, levels will be elevated in any inflammatory state within the body.3
Transferrin
Transferrin is a protein that is responsible for binding and transporting iron in the blood. Transferrin acts as a preventative antioxidant as it binds with free iron, removing it from the bloodstream. This is a critical function, as free iron can stimulate the production of harmful free radicals. As transferrin is a negative acute phase protein, lower levels are associated with inflammatory conditions.7
Superoxide Dismutase
Superoxide is a by-product of oxygen metabolism and is one of the most damaging free radicals in the body as it can cause cell damage. Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) is an enzyme which catalyses the breakdown of superoxide into a less damaging oxygen or hydrogen peroxide. Therefore SOD preforms a vital defensive function to reduce oxidative stress.4 Extensive research exists which links oxidative stress to chronic inflammation, which can be a contributing factor to diabetes, arthritis, cardiovascular disease and cancer.5 Therefore if levels of superoxide dismutase are low, patients are at risk inflammation, for example, SOD levels are significantly less in rheumatoid arthritis patients.6
Glutathione Reductase
Glutathione reductase is found in red blood cells and plays a key role in maintaining cell function and preventing oxidative stress in human cells. Reduced levels of glutathione reductase can contribute to the prevalence of inflammatory states, suggesting that adequate levels of glutathione reductase are essential for optimal function of the immune system. 7, 8
Uric Acid
Uric acid is a waste product produced when the body breaks down chemical compounds called purines. It is a scavenging antioxidant that acts by inactivating free radicals. Elevated levels of uric acid is commonly associated with gout, a type of arthritis which is caused when crystals of sodium urate form inside joints causing rapid and painful inflammation.9 Other research has indicated that elevated levels of uric acid is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease.
Total Antioxidant Status (TAS)
TAS is a measurement of antioxidant function rather than quantity and considers the cumulative effect of all antioxidants present. The antioxidant defence system has many components, and a deficiency in any of these components can cause a reduction in the overall antioxidant status of an individual.10 Reduction in total antioxidant status has been implicated in several disease states including cancer, CVD, Arthritis and Alzheimer’s disease.
As demonstrated above, different types of antioxidants can help reduce different types of inflammation. Antioxidant tests can be requested from any doctor, who may also review dietary intake, investigate any symptoms and advise if testing is required. If antioxidant levels are found to be inadequate, improving them can be easily done through dietary changes, and can help reduce a body’s overall inflammation.
For health professionals
Randox Laboratories offer a range of diagnostic reagents for antioxidant testing to assist in the diagnosis of inflammatory diseases. Randox offer a complete diagnostic package with applications for a range of biochemistry analysers and a selection of kit sizes, controls and calibrators available. Available tests include: Ferritin, Transferrin, Superoxide Dismutase (Ransod), Glutathione Reductase, Uric Acid, and Total Antioxidant Status (TAS).
References:
- Nordqvist, C., Inflammation: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment. Medical News Today, 2015, https://goo.gl/rT4WS9 (accessed 16 January 2017)
- Koperdanova, M., Interpreting raised serum ferritin levels, British Medical Journal, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.h3692 (accessed 2 February 2017)
- Nall, R. Ferritin Level Blood Test, Health Line, 2015, https://goo.gl/XGcW9P (accessed 2 February 2017)
- Yasui, K. and Baba, A., Therapeutic potential of superoxide dismutase (SOD) for resolution of inflammation. Inflammation Research. Vol.55, No.9, pp.359-363, 2006, 1007/s00011-006-5195-y (accessed 2 February 2017)
- Reuter, S., Gupta, S.C., Chaturvedi, M.M., Aggarwal, B.B., Oxidative stress, inflammation and cancer: How are they linked? Free Radic Biol Med. 2010, 1; 49(11):1603-1616 https://goo.gl/Uez3JZ (accessed 2 February 2017)
- Bae SC, Kim SJ, Sung MK., Inadequate antioxidant nutrient intake and altered plasma antioxidant status of rheumatoid arthritis patients. J Am Coll Nutr. 2003 Aug;22(4):311-5
- Reynolds, B., Glutathione for inflammatory respsonse, FX Medicine, 2015, Available from: https://goo.gl/2YAv5l (accessed 3 February 2017)
- Morris, G., Anderson, G., Dean, O. et al., The glutathione system: a new drug target in neuroimmune disorders. Mol Neurobiol 2014;50(3):1059-1084, Available from: https://goo.gl/PDSgwv (accessed 3 February 2017)
- Malaghan Institute, Uric acid – a new look at an old marker of inflammation, Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, 2013, Available from: https://goo.gl/P6NfXP
- Li, Y., Browne, R.W., Bonner, M.R., Deng, F., Tian, L., Mu, L., Positive Relationship between Total Antioxidant Status and Chemokines Observed in Adults. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2014, Available from: https://goo.gl/rmj5MB (accessed 9 February 2017)
Inflammatory Biomarker Series: Rheumatoid Factor
What are inflammatory biomarkers?
The purpose of measuring an inflammatory biomarker is to detect inflammation, which can assist clinicians in the identification of a particular disease or provide a marker of treatment response. Inflammation, either chronic or acute, is the body’s immune response to protect against harmful stimuli such as damaged cells, irritants or pathogens.1 When inflammation occurs in the body, extra protein is released from the site of inflammation and circulates in the bloodstream.2 It is these proteins, or antibodies, which clinicians are testing for in the blood as they can indicate if inflammation is present.Like many inflammatory biomarkers, such as rheumatoid factor (RF), C-reactive protein (CRP) or erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), further tests will be required as testing for these tests alone does not provide a clearly defined diagnosis. However inflammatory biomarker tests can provide clinicians with a good indication of what may be wrong with a patient, which is why they are commonly tested for in a clinical setting.
What is Rheumatoid Factor?
Rheumatoid factor (RF) is an autoantibody which can target and damage healthy body tissue and in turn cause inflammatory symptoms.3 It is uncommon for this antibody to be present in healthy individuals, which is why it is a beneficial test to aid the diagnostic process. In particular, rheumatoid factor can be used as an inflammatory biomarker to assist in the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). However the rheumatoid factor antibody can also be present in healthy individuals or patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, liver cirrhosis, Sjögren’s Syndrome, Hepatitis and other conditions.4 If a test detects rheumatoid factor levels above 14 IU/ml, this is considered abnormally high.3
What is Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease which attacks the lining tissue of joints, resulting in chronic inflammation. This disease commonly affects the hands, feet and wrists, with symptoms causing pain, fatigue and loss of bodily function and over time may even lead to multiple organ damage.5 Although diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis requires a physical examination, testing for rheumatoid factor can be beneficial to assist in the diagnosis of this disease. Other blood tests that can be used to detect biomarkers associated with rheumatoid arthritis include C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), IgA, IgG, IgM and anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP).
For health professionals
Randox Laboratories offer a leading portfolio of diagnostic reagents which includes a test for rheumatoid factor, with applications available for a range of biochemistry analysers. With a measuring range of 6.72 – 104 lU/ml, this assay can comfortably detect levels outside the normal range. Randox offer a complete diagnostic package for the screening of rheumatoid factor with a range of kit sizes, controls and calibrators available. Other inflammatory biomarker tests available from Randox include CRP, High Sensitivity CRP, Full Range CRP, IgA, IgG and IgM.
References:
1. Nordqvist, C. Inflammation: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment. Medical News Today, https://goo.gl/rT4WS9 (accessed 16 January 2017)
2. Harding, M., Blood Tests to Detect Inflammation, Patient, 2015, https://goo.gl/F4OGrz, (accessed 16 January 2017)
3. Shiel, W. C., Rheumatoid Factor (RF), MedicineNet, 2016, https://goo.gl/XPA69u 2016 (accessed 16 January 2017)
4. Rheumatoid Arthritis Organisation, Rheumatoid Factor Test, Rheumatoid Arthritis Organisation, 2016, https://goo.gl/JujE5a
5. Gibofsky, A. Overview of Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Diagnosis of Rheumatoid Arthritis. The American Journal of Managed Care. Vol.18, No.13. p.295-302, 2012
MYTH: Only overweight people get type 2 diabetes, right?
The answer to this common myth is no. Let us tell you why…
As a condition that usually manifests later in life, type 2 diabetes is viewed by many as a self-inflicted disease caused by eating too much sugar and being overweight. Although obesity is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes it isn’t the only cause. In fact, many people of a healthy weight have type 2 diabetes, and similarly many overweight people do not. This is because an individual’s metabolic health can be affected by factors other than their weight.
Firstly, let’s define metabolic health; metabolic health refers to the body’s health at a cellular function, and one aspect of this is the body’s ability to utilise nutrients for energy. Within this insulin has an important function; insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas and used by the body to regulate how glucose is used and stored. In some individuals, however, this is not the case; their pancreas may either not produce enough insulin, or may not be able to effectively use the insulin it produces, known as insulin sensitivity. High blood sugar level and type 2 diabetes is the effect of this.
Whilst obesity and lack of exercise are 2 of the most common reasons affecting metabolic state and causing type 2 diabetes, it is important to note that approximately 1 in 3 type 2 diabetics are undiagnosed. Therefore the causal factors of these individuals are not included in the statistics and therefore not accounted for in this statement. Other causal factors include family history, ethnicity, age, stress, inflammation, poor diet and visceral fat.
Let’s talk about a few of these factors…
Family history & ethnicity – Do genetics play a role?
Risk factors of type 2 diabetes includes family history and ethnicity; research(1) has found that there is a 1 in 7 risk of type 2 diabetes for children whose parents were diagnosed before the age of 50, and 1 in 2 risk for children if both parents have type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, research(2) has linked genetic mutation of the HMGA1 gene to an increased risk of type 2 diabetes in white Europeans; the study found that defects in the HMGA1 gene led to a drop in the body’s ability to make insulin receptors, thus leading to insulin resistance. In fact, 1 in 10 study participants with type 2 diabetes had a genetic mutation of the gene. Furthermore certain ethnic groups have been linked to increased risk of type 2 diabetes i.e. African Americans, Native Americans, Hispanic Americans and Asian Americans; some believe this may be due to genetics.
Chronic Stress
When the body is under stress, stress hormones such as cortisol are released. These hormones can affect the body’s blood glucose levels; for example, one of the primary functions of cortisol is to provide an immediate source of energy for the body, resulting in an increase of glucose supply to the blood. Individuals suffering chronic stress therefore have a constant production of cortisol, and chronically increased blood glucose levels as a result. This increases the risk of type 2 diabetes.
Chronic stress can lead to inflammation, which is another risk factor in the development of type 2 diabetes.
Inflammation
As the body’s natural response to injury, inflammation is the initial step in the healing process. Opening the blood vessels to allow free movement of the body’s natural healing substances to the affected site, it offers the body protection and fights off foreign substances such as germs and toxins. Inflammation is necessary to rid infections and heal wounds, however if the body suffers a chronic state of inflammation it can have damaging effects; chronic inflammation is caused by autoimmune conditions, allergies, chronic stress and conditions such as Crohn’s disease, and is linked to major diseases such as heart disease, arthritis and certain cancers. The link with type 2 diabetes is a result of inflammation causing insulin resistance, increasing the risk of type 2 diabetes.
Abdominal visceral fat
Abdominal visceral fat is the fat which surrounds the internal organs in the abdominal cavity. High levels of abdominal visceral fat are associated with insulin resistance and therefore, high risk of diabetes. Abdominal visceral fat can be found in individuals of all shapes and sizes, and regardless of ‘healthy’ BMI high visceral fat levels can still occur. This is because BMI doesn’t take into account muscle mass or other factors including gender and ethnicity. This presents an issue as those with a ‘healthy’ BMI may unknowingly still be at risk of diabetes. Similarly those with high muscle mass, who are determined ‘overweight’ based on BMI, may worry that they are at risk of diabetes, when in fact their weight isn’t putting them at risk. Determining levels of abdominal visceral fat is a much better indication of health than BMI.
Overall risk of type 2 diabetes is correlated with genetic, environmental and lifestyle factors. Whilst some impact more than others, it is important to recognise that there are numerous factors related to type 2 diabetes, and rid the myth that obesity and a high sugar diet high are the only causal factors.
Help set the record straight by sharing this article:
References:
(1) American Diabetes Association (2014) Genetics of Diabetes. Found online at diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/genetics-of-diabetes.html
(2) Brunetti et al (2011) Functional Variants of the HMGA1 Gene and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA); 305 (9):903-912.
If you are worried about your blood glucose levels, or risk of diabetes, ask your doctor for these tests:
- Glucose, HbA1c and Fructosamine to assess your blood glucose levels
- CRP to determine chronic inflammation with additional testing of SPLA2-IIA levels to determine vascular inflammation
- Adiponectin to assess your level of abdominal visceral fat. High levels of abdominal visceral fat can indicate metabolic syndrome and pre-diabetes.
For more information on diabetes testing visit our dedicated diabetes reagents page.
For health professionals:
Adiponectin is a protein which regulates the metabolism of lipids and glucose and influences the body’s response to insulin. Low levels of Adiponectin are correlated with increased CRP (increased inflammation), higher levels of triglycerides and insulin resistance. As a result of increased insulin resistance and inflammation, low levels of Adiponectin can indicate metabolic syndrome.
For more information please visit our dedicated Adiponectin page or view our full range of diabetes tests.
SPLA2-IIA is a highly specific marker of atherosclerotic plaque inflammation, and has a direct role in the formation of rupture-prone atherosclerotic plaque. Increased concentrations of SPLA2-IIA have been linked with increased risk of cardiocerebrovascular events. As a highly specific marker of vascular inflammation, it complements tests such as hsCRP, and can be used to improve the risk assessment of patients with moderate to high risk of CVD, in particular those with metabolic syndrome such as insulin resistance.
Further reading: Sertić et al (2010) Does Lp-PLA2 determination help predict atherosclerosis and cardiocerebrovascular disease? Acta Med Croatica. 64(4):237-45
Randox SPLA2-IIA will be available soon. To register your interest please view our dedicated SPLA2-IIA page.
