Urinary Protein
Reagent | Urinary Protein
Key Benefits
Applications available
For a wide variety of clinical chemistry analysers including the RX series
Strong correlation
The Urinary Protein assay showed a correlation coefficient of 0.9998 against another commercially available method
Standard included in kit
Simplifying the ordering process
Randox Urinary Protein (Colorimetric)
- Colorimetric method
- Liquid ready-to-use reagents
- Stable to expiry date when stored at +15 to +25⁰C
- Applications available
| Cat No | Size | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UP1570 | 3 x 100ml (S)(L) | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| UP8113 | 4 x 20ml (S)(L) | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| (L) Indicates liquid option (S) Indicates standard included in kit |
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Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers. Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.
What is Urinary Protein assay used for?
Determination of Total Protein in urine and cerebrospinal fluid is valuable in the diagnosis of renal and central nervous system disorders respectively. Urinary protein elevations are commonly seen in the following conditions: strenuous exercise, fever and hypothermia, nephrosis and diabetic nephropathy and urinary tract infections. Determination of total protein in cerebrospinal fluid aids in the diagnosis of such conditions as meningitis, CNS tumours and cerebral haemorrhage.
Related Products
Standard included in all kits
Veterinary Panel
For more information or to view more reagents within the veterinary panel, please click here
Uric Acid
Reagent | Uric Acid
Key Benefits
Applications available
For a wide variety of clinical chemistry analysers including the RX series
Strong correlation
The Uric Acid assay showed a correlation coefficient of 0.99 against another commercially available method
Excellent stability
The Uric Acid assay has a precision of less than 4% CV
Randox Uric Acid
- Enzymatic Colorimetric method
- Liquid and lyophilised reagents available
- Stable to expiry date when stored unopened protected from light
- Applications available
| Cat No | Size | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UA230 | 6 x 15ml (S) | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| UA3824 | R1 6 x 51ml (L) R2 4 x 20ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| UA3870 | 9 x 51ml (L) | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| UA8069 | R1 6 x 56ml (L) R2 6 x 20ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| UA8333 | R1 4 x 20ml (L) R2 4 x 7ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| (L) Indicates liquid option (S) Indicates standard included in kit | |||||
Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers. Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.
What is Uric Acid assay used for?
Uric acid measurements are used in the diagnosis and treatment of numerous renal and metabolic disorders including renal failure, gout, leukemia and psoriasis. Uric acid is a potent antioxidant contributing to around half the antioxidant capacity of blood plasma. It is a scavenging antioxidant that acts by inactivating free radicals such as HO and HOCI.
Related Products
Antioxidant Panel
For more information or to view more reagents within the antioxidant panel, please click here
Clinical Chemistry Panel
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Urea
Reagents | Urea
Key Benefits
Applications available
For a wide variety of clinical chemistry analysers including the RX series
Strong correlation
The Urea assay showed a correlation coefficient of 0.9935 against another commercially available method
Liquid and Lyophilised reagents available
Randox Urea assays are available in liquid ready-to-use and lyophilised formats, offering greater consumer choice
Randox Urea (Kinetic)
- Kinetic method
- Lyophilised reagents
- Stable for 4 weeks at +2 to +9oC or 2 days at +15 to +25oC
- Measuring range linear to 50mmol/l in serum or plasma, and 1050mmol/l in urine.
- Applications available
| Cat No | Size | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UR446 | 10 x 50ml (S) 1 minute read | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| (L) Indicates liquid option (S) Indicates standard included in kit |
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Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers. Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.
Randox Urea (Berthelot)
- Berthelot method
- Liquid ready-to-use reagents
- Working reagent stable for 2 months at +2 to +8oC
- Measuring range 1.59-40 mmol/l in serum and plasma
- Applications available
| Cat No | Size | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UR1068 | 170ml (S) Manual use only | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| (S) Indicates standard included in kit |
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Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers. Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.
Randox Urea (Enzymatic Kinetic)
- Enzymatic Kinetic method
- Liquid ready-to-use reagents
- Stable to expiry when stored at 2-8oC
- Applications available
| Cat No | Size | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UR3825 | R1 6 x 51ml (L) R2 4 x 20ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| UR9781 | R1 6 x 68ml R2 6 x 44ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| UR8334 | R1 4 x 20ml R2 4 x 7ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| UR8070 | R1 6 x 56ml (L) R2 6 x 20ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| (L) Indicates liquid option |
|||||
Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers. Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.
What is Urea assay used for?
Urea is synthesized in the liver from ammonia, as a result of deamination of amino acids. This biosynthetic pathway is the chief means of excretion of surplus nitrogen by the body. Measurements obtained by this test are used in the diagnosis of renal and metabolic disorders, most frequently kidney disorders. More than 60% of the kidney must be destroyed before plasma urea levels are significantly raised. This test is most frequently used in conjunction with serum creatinine for increased protein levels (cardiac decompensation, water depletion).
- Sánchez-Rodríguez, M.A., et al Antioxidant capacity in relationship to serum lipid peroxides levels in healthy elderly of Mexico City. 2004, 38(2): 193-198.
- Wathes, D.C., et al Differences between primiparous and multiparous dairy cows in the inter-relationships between metabolic traits, milk yield and body condition score in the periparturient period. Domestic Animal Endocrinology. 2007, 33(2): 203-225.
- Badiou. S., et al. Fine-tuning of the prediction of mortality in hemodialysis patients by use of cytokine proteomic determination.Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. . 2006, 3: 423-430.
- Rhodes, P., et al. Adult-onset obesity reveals prenatal programming of glucose-insulin sensitivity in male sheep nutrient restricted during late gestation. PloS ONE 2009, 4(10): e7393.
Clinical Chemistry Panel
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Veterinary Panel
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Total Protein
Reagent | Total Protein
Key Benefits
Excellent precision
The Total Protein assay has a precision of less than 3% CV
Applications available
For a wide variety of clinical chemistry analysers including the RX series
Exceptional correlation
The Total Protein assay showed a correlation coefficient of 1.00 against another commercially available method
Randox Total Protein (Biuret)
- Biuret method
- Liquid reagents
- Stable to expiry at 15-25⁰C
- Applications available
| Cat No | Size | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TP245 | 2 x 500ml (S)(L) | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| TP3869 | 9 x 51ml (L) | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| TP4001 | R1 4 x 51ml (L) R2 4 x 44ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| TP8066 | R1 4 x 68ml (L) R2 4 x 68ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| TP8336 | R1 4 x 20ml (L) R2 4 x 17ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| (L) Indicates liquid option (S) Indicates standard included in kit |
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Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers. Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.
What is Total Protein assay used for?
Total Protein measurements obtained by the Biuret method are used in the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of diseases involving the liver, kidney and bone marrow as well as other metabolic or nutritional disorders.
- McGrath L.T., et al. Increased oxidative stress in Alzheimer’s disease as assessed with 4-hydroxynonenal but not malondialdehyde. Q J Med. 2001, 94: 485-490
- Mula-Abed, W-A. S. and Hanna, B.E. Measurement of serum fructosamine as an index of glycated protein in patients with nephrotic syndrome and chronic liver diseases. Bahrain Medical Bulletin 2001, 23(4)
- Nishina, H., et al. Effect of nutritional restriction in early pregnancy on isolated femoral artery function in mid-gestation fetal sheep. J. Physiol. 2003, 553(2): 637-647
- Ozdemir, D., et al. Effect of melatonin on brain oxidative damage induced by traumatic brain injury in immature rats. Physiol. Res., 2005, 54(6): 631-637
- Mula-Abed, W-A. S. and Aziz, S.B. Serum fructosamine (glycated protein) and related biochemical parameters during normal pregnancy. JBMS Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society 2006, 18(3): 115-122
- Saad, S.Y. et al. Cardioprotective effects of subcutaneous ebselen against daunorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 2006, 99(6): 412-417
- Belaïd-Nouira, Y., et al. Study of lipid profile and parieto-temporal lipid peroxidation in AICI3 mediated neurotoxicity. Modulatory effect of fenugreek seeds. Lipids Health Dis. 2012, 11: 16
- Yakubu, N., et al. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of tofu (curdle soymilk) against acetaminophen-induced live damage rats. Biotech. Res. Int. 2013, ID 230142
Related Products
Clinical Chemistry Panel
For more information or to view more reagents within the clinical chemistry panel, please click here
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Sodium
Reagent | Sodium
Key Benefits
Exceptional correlation
The Sodium assay showed a correlation of r=0.98 against another commercially available method
Applications available
For a wide variety of clinical chemistry analysers including the RX series
Excellent stability
Working reagent stable for 2 weeks at 2-8°C or 5 days at 15-25°C
Randox Sodium (Enzymatic)
- Enzymatic method
- Lyophilised reagents
- Working reagent stable for 2 weeks at 2-8°C or 5 days at 15-25°C
| Cat No | Size | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NA3851 | R1 3 x 20ml R2 3 x 9ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| NA8327 | R1 4 x 10ml R2 4 x 6ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| (S) Indicates standard included in kit | |||||
Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers. Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.
What is Sodium assay used for?
Sodium measurements are used in the diagnosis and treatment of aldosteronism, diabetes insipidus, adrenal hyper-tension, Addison’s disease, dehydration, inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, or other diseases involving electrolyte imbalance.
Related Products
Standard is included in kit NA7167
Clinical Chemistry Panel
For more information or to view more reagents within the clinical chemistry panel, please click here
Veterinary Panel
For more information or to view more reagents within the veterinary panel, please click here
Ethanol Reagent
Reagent | Ethanol
Key Benefits of Ethanol
Excellent correlation
The Randox ethanol assay displayed an excellent correlation coefficient of r=0.995 when compared against the gold standard Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS).
Dedicated calibrator/control set available
A dedicated ethanol calibrator/control set is available for a full testing package.
Applications available
Applications are available detailing instrument-specific settings for the convenient use of the Randox ethanol assay on a wide range of clinical chemistry analysers.
Other features of the Ethanol reagent
- Enzymatic method using NAD and alcohol dehydrogenase
- Stable to expiry date when stored at +2 to +8°C
- Wide measuring range of 10 – 500mg/dl
- Suitable for use with both urine and serum samples
Ordering Information
| Cat No | Size | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DA4015 | R1 2 x 16.9ml (L) R2 2 x 8ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| (L) Indicates liquid option | |||||
Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers. Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.
What is the Ethanol assay used for?
Ethyl alcohol is present in some drinks, liquors, medicinal preparations and foods. After ethyl alcohol ingestion, the alcohol quickly spreads though the whole body and is mostly metabolised in the liver and excreted. Ethyl alcohol acts as a Central Nervous System depressant, and can lead to loss of alertness, stupor, coma and death and frequently cause public safety issues. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy carries a heavy risk of permanent mental and physical defects in the child, known as fetal alcohol syndrome. Ethyl alcohol measurements are also used in diagnosis and treatment of alcohol intoxication and poisoning.
Clinical Chemistry Panel
For more information or to view more reagents within the clinical chemistry panel, please click here
Fructosamine (Glycated Protein) Assay
Reagent | Fructosamine (Glycated Protein)
Offering Improved Specialty and Reliability
Benefits of the Fructosamine Assay
Superior method
The Randox enzymatic method offers improved specificity and reliability compared to the conventional NBT-based methods as the enzymatic method does not suffer from non-specific interferences unlike the existing methods which can also be time-consuming and difficult to automate.
Standardisation to the highest level
The Randox dedicated fructosamine calibrator and controls are assigned relative to human serum glycated with 14-C glucose, directly reflecting the nature of the patient sample.
Excellent correlation
A correlation coefficient of r=0.98 was displayed with the Randox fructosamine assay was compared to commercially available methods.
Liquid ready-to-use
The Randox fructosamine assay is available in a liquid ready-to-use format for convenience and ease-of-use.
Applications available
Applications available detailing instrument-specific settings for the convenient use of the Randox fructosamine assay on a variety of clinical chemistry analysers.
Ordering Information
| Cat No | Size | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR3133 | R1 5 x 25ml (L) R2 5 x 6.3ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| FR4030 | R1 4 x 19.8ml (L) R2 4 x 6.9ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| (L) Indicates liquid option | |||||
Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers. Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.
Diagnostic Uses
Fructosamine (glycated protein) has been identified as an early indicator of diabetic control compared to other markers such as HbA1c. RBCs live for approximately 120 days, HbA1c represents the average blood glucose levels for the previous 2 to 3 months. Conversely, fructosamine has a shorter lifespan, of about 14 to 21 days, reflecting average blood glucose levels from the previous 2 to 3 weeks 1.
Fructosamine testing has been identified as being the best for patient care as HbA1c results can be inconclusive for several reasons. Genetic, haematological and disease-related factors negatively impact HbA1c levels, with low levels observed in late stage chronic kidney disease, conditions that shorten the lifespan of erythrocytes such as haemolytic anaemia, and in certain haemoglobinopathies such as sickle cell disease 2.
In gestational diabetes, fructosamine should be tested as HbA1c levels are difficult to interpret as HbA1c integrates glycaemia over the lifespan of the erythrocyte. Therefore, HbA1c is relatively insensitive to short term changes. Consequently, HbA1c testing isn’t suitable in the monitoring of the effects of changes in medication. Fructosamine is a medium-term marker (shorter life span) and is a much more suitable test 2.
In a diabetic patient where blood glucose levels are abnormally elevated, the concentration levels of fructosamine also increase as fructosamine is formed by a non-enzymatic Maillard reaction between glucose and amino acid residues of proteins. During this glycation process, an intermediate labile Schiff base is produced which is converted to a more stable ketoamine (fructosamine) via an Amadori rearrangement 3.
The Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) test measures the level of blood sugars which is used to diagnose and monitor diabetes based on insulin function. The main drawback of this test is that a hormone called glucagon, produced in the pancreas, is triggered during prolonged fasting, signalling the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream. In diabetic conditions, either the body is unable to generate enough insulin or cannot appropriately respond to insulin. Consequently, FPG levels remain high 1.
In the1980’s, HbA1c was incorporated into clinical practice as HbA1c levels correlated well with glycaemic control over a 2 to 3-month period. The main drawback of this test is that any condition that reduces the survival rate of erythrocytes such as haemolytic anaemia will falsely lower the HbA1c test results regardless of the assay method utilised 3.
Related Products
Fructosamine Calibrator
Fructosamine Control
Clinical Chemistry EQA
References
[1] Manzella D. What Is the Fasting Plasma Glucose Test? https://www.verywellhealth.com/understanding-the-fasting-plasma-glucose-test-1087680 (accessed 28 February 2020).
[3] Gounden V, Jialal I. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing; 2019. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470185/ (accessed 28 February 2020).
[4] Kilpatrick ES, Atkin SL. Using haemoglobin A1c to diagnose type 2 diabetes or to identify people at high risk of diabetes. BMJ 2014; 348: https://www.bmj.com/content/348/bmj.g2867 (accessed 28 February 2020).
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Reagents
Therapeutic Drugs
Therapeutic drugs are used to heal, control, or prevent certain diseases and conditions, and are often required throughout a person’s lifetime to treat chronic conditions.
Most therapeutic drugs have a narrow therapeutic index and require regular monitoring to ensure correct levels of the drug in the blood are maintained. Therapeutic index refers to the difference in the amount that causes a therapeutic effect, and the amount that causes toxicity.
Toxic levels may occur as a result of a person’s ability to absorb the drug i.e. change in health, additional medication that may be reacting with the drug, and, overdose. In addition, sub-therapeutic levels may occur where the patient’s level of the drug is inadequate for their treatment.
Therapeutic drugs which may require monitoring include:
Monitoring Dosage is Key
Therapeutic drugs are monitored upon initial dosage to evaluate dosage suitability for the individual, as each person absorbs, metabolises and eliminates drugs at different rates. Depending upon test results, drug dosage may be increased or decreased, and monitored until the blood level reaches the therapeutic range.
Testing
Testing may be required in situations where a patient is experiencing side effects to determine if the dose needs to be adjusted; if a patient has experienced a change in health i.e. kidney function, thyroid problems, cancer, or stomach or intestinal issues; if a patient begins taking another medication; if a doctor suspects the patient is not taking the recommended dose of medication; and, if an overdose is suspected.
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Specific Proteins
Specific Protein Reagents: Overview
The measurement of proteins in the body assist in the diagnosis and evaluation of various conditions. Randox manufacture immunoturbidimetric kits for the study of a wide range of specific proteins including unique products such as Apolipoprotein C-II, Apolipoprotein C-III, Apolipoprotein E, Cystatin C and Microalbumin.
Benefits
Superior immunoturbidimetry methodology
Immunoturbidimetry has become the main method for performing protein tests over recent years; this development is in light of the comparability and flexibility of immunoturbidimetric testing when compared to traditional nephelometric testing. Both methods measure the turbidity of a sample to determine the level of analyte; the difference is that immunoturbidimetric tests measure the absorbance of light by the sample whereas nephelometric tests measure the light scattered at a fixed angle.
The move from nephelometric testing to immunoturbidimetric testing provides numerous advantages, most notably they offer lower laboratory costs; nephelometry requires the use of dedicated instruments known as Nephelometers, which are slow, have high consumable costs, require highly trained personnel, and are not able to perform any other type of assay.
Immunoturbidimetric tests, on the other hand, are carried out on routine clinical analysers, thus offering test consolidation; consolidation of tests on one single platform offers improved laboratory efficiency, versatility, rapid testing and cost-savings.
Randox unique specific protein assays
Apolipoprotein C-II, for use in the assessment of CVD; Apo C-II is an amino acid protein synthesised mainly in the liver, of which deficiency can lead to increased risk of coronary artery disease, chylomicronemia, xanthomas and recurrent pancreatitis. Randox Apo C-II produces truly accurate results with excellent sensitivity of 1.48mg/dl and limited interference from Bilirubin, Haemoglobin, Intralipid and Triglycerides
Apolipoprotein C-III, an emerging risk factor of CVD; Apo C-III is an amino acid protein which circulates in plasma in association with triglyceride rich lipoproteins and HDL, of which elevated levels are associated with primary and secondary hypertriglyceridemia, type 2 diabetes, hyperbilirubinemia, deficient kidneys and decreased thyroid function. Randox Apo C-III guarantees results with excellent linearity of 21.7mg/dl and limited interference from Bilirubin, Haemoglobin, Intralipid and Triglycerides
Apolipoprotein E, for identification of CVD; Apo E is amino acid protein synthesised mainly in the liver, in addition to the brain, spleen, lungs, adrenals, ovaries, kidneys, muscle cells and in macrophages. Apo E deficiency can lead to premature atherosclerosis. Randox Apo E has an excellent measuring range of 1.04-12.3 mg/dl and therefore can comfortably detect abnormal Apo E levels
Cystatin C, a specific and sensitive biomarker of renal dysfunction; Cystatin C is a protein removed and broken down by the kidneys and is considered the most effective marker for detecting kidney disease in infants and in the elderly. This is because it is highly sensitive to small changes in the GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate); the rate at which glomeruli in the kidney filters impurities from the blood. Randox Cystatin C is suitable for use with serum and plasma samples, and has a wide measuring range able to comfortably detect abnormal levels. With on-board stability of 28 days at 10°C it also reduces reagent wastage
Microalbumin, used to detect very small levels of albumin in the urine; low albumin concentrations in urine are the earliest marker of renal damage and therefore the Microalbumin test enables preventative measures to be taken. Randox Microalbumin immunoturbidimetric test enables sensitive and accurate assessment of albumin levels with excellent sensitivity of 5.11 mg/l to ensure even low albumin concentrations are detected.
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Rapid Tests / Serology Reagents
Introduction to Serology
Serology tests are used for the detection of antibodies in the blood in order to diagnose an active or previous infection, or to determine disease of the immune system such as autoimmune disorder. There are various types of serologic tests, each to diagnose a different disease; some include Anti-Streptolysin-O, Rheumatic factor, Syphilis and CRP.
Antibodies enable identification of past or present infection
Antibodies are formed by the body in response to infection against foreign proteins called antigens. Antigens enter the body via the mouth, nasal passages or through broken skin. Upon doing so the body’s immune system defends the body by producing antibodies, particles that attach to the antigens to deactivate them. Serology tests identify the type of antibodies and antigens present in the blood and determine the type of infection the patient may have or may have had in the past. Serology tests can also determine immunity to a certain organism.
Serology tests include:
Anti-Streptolysin O used to determine recent streptococcal infection caused by the streptococcus bacteria. Infections can be mild or severe, varying from throat infections, cellulitis, sinusitis, impetigo and middle ear infections to life-threatening infections of the blood or organs such as pneumonia, meningitis and sepsis. In addition this test also helps identify the presence of post streptococcal complications including rheumatic fever which causes inflammation of the joints or heart, and glomerulonephritis which refers to damage of the glomeruli (tiny filters in the kidneys). The latter are rare and are caused by the body’s immune system attacking healthy body tissue in response to streptococcus bacteria.
CRP used to detect inflammation, infection and tissue injury of the liver. CRP (C-reactive protein) is a protein produced by the liver in response to inflammation, infection and tissue injury; it is released into the blood within a few hours and therefore the CRP test enables quick detection of trauma or infection. It can be used together with consideration of signs and symptoms to diagnose the condition causing the infection or inflammation, in addition to being useful in monitoring the treatment of people with chronic inflammatory conditions.
Rheumatoid factor used to help diagnose rheumatoid arthritis and distinguish it from other forms of arthritis or conditions causing similar symptoms. Rheumatoid factors are antibodies produced by the body’s immune system that can attack healthy tissue in the body. Symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis include pain, stiffness in the joints (particularly in the morning), and, swelling, warmth and redness.
Syphilis (RPR and TPHA) used to screen for the Treponema pallidum bacteria which causes syphilis, a chronic, contagious and often congenital venereal disease. The 2 types of tests we use include Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) and T. pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPHA).
RPR is a non-treponemal antibody test which detects antibodies not specifically directed against the Treponema pallidum bacteria; these are produced by the body in response to several conditions including syphilis and are therefore non-specific. Such tests are highly sensitive, however, and the RPR test can also be used to monitor the treatment of syphilis.
TPHA test is a treponemal l antibody test used to detect antibodies specifically directed against the Treponema pallidum bacteria; these are highly-specific for the detection of syphilis.
Treponemal (syphilis specific) antibodies remain in the blood for life, whereas non-treponemal (non-syphilis specific) antibodies typically clear the blood after approx. 3 years following successful treatment; therefore following a positive treponemal test result, a non-treponemal antibody test may be used to determine between an active syphilis infection/reinfection, or a past infection which has been successfully treated.
Rapid tests include:
Randox Pregnancy test used for early confirmation of pregnancy by identifying Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (hCG) in urine; hCG is a hormone released by the cells of a developing placenta shortly after conception. Levels of hCG are detectable in urine in the first week after conception, therefore making it an excellent marker for early confirmation of pregnancy.
Randox pregnancy test is highly sensitive, able to detect hCG concentrations as low as 25mlU/ml, and produces results in 3 minutes. In addition a variety of methods and kit sizes provide choice and enhances suitability.
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