Uric Acid

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Uric Acid

Reagent | Uric Acid

Key Benefits

Applications available

For a wide variety of clinical chemistry analysers including the RX series

Strong correlation

The Uric Acid assay showed a correlation coefficient of 0.99 against another commercially available method

Excellent stability

The Uric Acid assay has a precision of less than 4% CV

Randox Uric Acid

  • Enzymatic Colorimetric method
  • Liquid and lyophilised reagents available
  • Stable to expiry date when stored unopened protected from light
  • Applications available
Cat NoSize
UA2306 x 15ml (S)EnquireKit Insert RequestMSDSBuy Online
UA3824R1 6 x 51ml (L)
R2 4 x 20ml
EnquireKit Insert RequestMSDSBuy Online
UA38709 x 51ml (L)EnquireKit Insert RequestMSDSBuy Online
UA8069R1 6 x 56ml (L)
R2 6 x 20ml
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UA8333R1 4 x 20ml (L)
R2 4 x 7ml
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(L) Indicates liquid option (S) Indicates standard included in kit

Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers.  Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.

What is Uric Acid assay used for?

Uric acid measurements are used in the diagnosis and treatment of numerous renal and metabolic disorders including renal failure, gout, leukemia and psoriasis. Uric acid is a potent antioxidant contributing to around half the antioxidant capacity of blood plasma. It is a scavenging antioxidant that acts by inactivating free radicals such as HO and HOCI.

Antioxidant Panel

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Clinical Chemistry Panel

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Urea

Reagents | Urea

Key Benefits

Applications available

For a wide variety of clinical chemistry analysers including the RX series

Strong correlation

The Urea assay showed a correlation coefficient of 0.9935 against another commercially available method

Liquid and Lyophilised reagents available

Randox Urea assays are available in liquid ready-to-use and lyophilised formats, offering greater consumer choice

 

Randox Urea (Kinetic)

  • Kinetic method
  • Lyophilised reagents
  • Stable for 4 weeks at +2 to +9oC or 2 days at +15 to +25oC
  • Measuring range linear to 50mmol/l in serum or plasma, and 1050mmol/l in urine.
  • Applications available

 

 

Cat NoSize
UR446
10 x 50ml (S)
1 minute read
EnquireKit Insert RequestMSDSBuy Online
(L) Indicates liquid option (S) Indicates standard included in kit

Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers.  Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.

Randox Urea (Berthelot)

  • Berthelot method
  • Liquid ready-to-use reagents
  • Working reagent stable for 2 months at +2 to +8oC
  • Measuring range 1.59-40 mmol/l in serum and plasma
  • Applications available
Cat NoSize
UR1068170ml (S)
Manual use only
EnquireKit Insert RequestMSDSBuy Online
(S) Indicates standard included in kit

Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers.  Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.

Randox Urea (Enzymatic Kinetic)

  • Enzymatic Kinetic method
  • Liquid ready-to-use reagents
  • Stable to expiry when stored at 2-8oC
  • Applications available
Cat NoSize
UR3825R1 6 x 51ml (L)
R2 4 x 20ml
EnquireKit Insert RequestMSDSBuy Online
UR8334R1 4 x 20ml
R2 4 x 7ml
EnquireKit Insert RequestMSDSBuy Online
UR8070R1 6 x 56ml (L)
R2 6 x 20ml
EnquireKit Insert RequestMSDSBuy Online
(L) Indicates liquid option

Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers.  Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.

What is Urea assay used for?

Urea is synthesized in the liver from ammonia, as a result of deamination of amino acids. This biosynthetic pathway is the chief means of excretion of surplus nitrogen by the body. Measurements obtained by this test are used in the diagnosis of renal and metabolic disorders, most frequently kidney disorders. More than 60% of the kidney must be destroyed before plasma urea levels are significantly raised. This test is most frequently used in conjunction with serum creatinine for increased protein levels (cardiac decompensation, water depletion).

  • Sánchez-Rodríguez, M.A., et al Antioxidant capacity in relationship to serum lipid peroxides levels in healthy elderly of Mexico City. 2004, 38(2): 193-198.
  • Wathes, D.C., et al Differences between primiparous and multiparous dairy cows in the inter-relationships between metabolic traits, milk yield and body condition score in the periparturient period. Domestic Animal Endocrinology. 2007, 33(2): 203-225.
  • Badiou. S., et al. Fine-tuning of the prediction of mortality in hemodialysis patients by use of cytokine proteomic determination.Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. . 2006, 3: 423-430.
  • Rhodes, P., et al. Adult-onset obesity reveals prenatal programming of glucose-insulin sensitivity in male sheep nutrient restricted during late gestation. PloS ONE 2009, 4(10): e7393.

Clinical Chemistry Panel

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Total Protein

Reagent | Total Protein

Key Benefits

Excellent precision

The Total Protein assay has a precision of less than 3% CV

Applications available

For a wide variety of clinical chemistry analysers including the RX series

Exceptional correlation

The Total Protein assay showed a correlation coefficient of 1.00 against another commercially available method

Randox Total Protein (Biuret)

  • Biuret method
  • Liquid reagents
  • Stable to expiry at 15-25⁰C
  • Applications available
Cat NoSize
TP38699 x 51ml (L)EnquireKit Insert RequestMSDSBuy Online
TP4001R1 4 x 51ml (L)
R2 4 x 44ml
EnquireKit Insert RequestMSDSBuy Online
TP8066R1 4 x 68ml (L)
R2 4 x 68ml
EnquireKit Insert RequestMSDSBuy Online
TP8336R1 4 x 20ml (L)
R2 4 x 17ml
EnquireKit Insert RequestMSDSBuy Online
(L) Indicates liquid option
(S) Indicates standard included in kit

Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers.  Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.

What is Total Protein assay used for?

Total Protein measurements obtained by the Biuret method are used in the diagnosis and treatment of a variety of diseases involving the liver, kidney and bone marrow as well as other metabolic or nutritional disorders.

  • McGrath L.T., et al. Increased oxidative stress in Alzheimer’s disease as assessed with 4-hydroxynonenal but not malondialdehyde. Q J Med. 2001, 94: 485-490
  • Mula-Abed, W-A. S. and Hanna, B.E. Measurement of serum fructosamine as an index of glycated protein in patients with nephrotic syndrome and chronic liver diseases. Bahrain Medical Bulletin 2001, 23(4)
  • Nishina, H., et al. Effect of nutritional restriction in early pregnancy on isolated femoral artery function in mid-gestation fetal sheep. J. Physiol. 2003, 553(2): 637-647
  • Ozdemir, D., et al. Effect of melatonin on brain oxidative damage induced by traumatic brain injury in immature rats. Physiol. Res., 2005, 54(6): 631-637
  • Mula-Abed, W-A. S. and Aziz, S.B. Serum fructosamine (glycated protein) and related biochemical parameters during normal pregnancy. JBMS Journal of the Bahrain Medical Society 2006, 18(3): 115-122
  • Saad, S.Y. et al. Cardioprotective effects of subcutaneous ebselen against daunorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy in rats. Basic Clin. Pharmacol. Toxicol. 2006, 99(6): 412-417
  • Belaïd-Nouira, Y., et al. Study of lipid profile and parieto-temporal lipid peroxidation in AICI3 mediated neurotoxicity. Modulatory effect of fenugreek seeds. Lipids Health Dis. 2012, 11: 16
  • Yakubu, N., et al. Antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of tofu (curdle soymilk) against acetaminophen-induced live damage rats. Biotech. Res. Int. 2013, ID 230142

Clinical Chemistry Panel

For more information or to view more reagents within the clinical chemistry panel, please click here

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Sodium

Reagent | Sodium


Key Benefits

Exceptional correlation

The Sodium assay showed a correlation of r=0.98 against another commercially available method

Applications available

For a wide variety of clinical chemistry analysers including the RX series

Excellent stability

Working reagent stable for 2 weeks at 2-8°C or 5 days at 15-25°C

Randox Sodium (Enzymatic)

  • Enzymatic method
  • Lyophilised reagents
  • Working reagent stable for 2 weeks at 2-8°C or 5 days at 15-25°C
Cat NoSize
NA3851R1 3 x 20ml
R2 3 x 9ml
EnquireKit Insert RequestMSDSBuy Online
(S) Indicates standard included in kit

Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers.  Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.

What is Sodium assay used for?

Sodium measurements are used in the diagnosis and treatment of aldosteronism, diabetes insipidus, adrenal hyper-tension, Addison’s disease, dehydration, inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion, or other diseases involving electrolyte imbalance.

Publications


    Clinical Chemistry Panel

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    Veterinary Panel

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    Ethanol Reagent

    Reagent | Ethanol

    Key Benefits of Ethanol

    Excellent correlation

    The Randox ethanol assay displayed an excellent correlation coefficient of r=0.995 when compared against the gold standard Gas Chromatography / Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS).

    Dedicated calibrator/control set available

    A dedicated ethanol calibrator/control set is available for a full testing package.

    Applications available

    Applications are available detailing instrument-specific settings for the convenient use of the Randox ethanol assay on a wide range of clinical chemistry analysers.

    Other features of the Ethanol reagent

    • Enzymatic method using NAD and alcohol dehydrogenase
    • Stable to expiry date when stored at +2 to +8°C
    • Wide measuring range of 10 – 500mg/dl
    • Suitable for use with both urine and serum samples

    Ordering Information

    Cat NoSize
    DA4015R1 2 x 16.9ml (L)
    R2 2 x 8ml
    EnquireKit Insert RequestMSDSBuy Online
    (L) Indicates liquid option

    Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers.  Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.

    What is the Ethanol assay used for?

    Ethyl alcohol is present in some drinks, liquors, medicinal preparations and foods. After ethyl alcohol ingestion, the alcohol quickly spreads though the whole body and is mostly metabolised in the liver and excreted. Ethyl alcohol acts as a Central Nervous System depressant, and can lead to loss of alertness, stupor, coma and death and frequently cause public safety issues. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy carries a heavy risk of permanent mental and physical defects in the child, known as fetal alcohol syndrome. Ethyl alcohol measurements are also used in diagnosis and treatment of alcohol intoxication and poisoning.

    Clinical Chemistry Panel

    For more information or to view more reagents within the clinical chemistry panel, please click here


    Fructosamine (Glycated Protein) Assay

    Reagent | Fructosamine (Glycated Protein)

    Offering Improved Specialty and Reliability

    Benefits of the Fructosamine Assay

    Superior Performance

    Superior method

    The Randox enzymatic method offers improved specificity and reliability compared to the conventional NBT-based methods as the enzymatic method does not suffer from non-specific interferences unlike the existing methods which can also be time-consuming and difficult to automate.

    14-C glucose icon

    Standardisation to the highest level

    The Randox dedicated fructosamine calibrator and controls are assigned relative to human serum glycated with 14-C glucose, directly reflecting the nature of the patient sample.

    Logos-09

    Excellent correlation

    A correlation coefficient of r=0.98 was displayed with the Randox fructosamine assay was compared to commercially available methods.

    Logos-06

    Liquid ready-to-use

    The Randox fructosamine assay is available in a liquid ready-to-use format for convenience and ease-of-use.

    Logos-07

    Applications available

    Applications available detailing instrument-specific settings for the convenient use of the Randox fructosamine assay on a variety of clinical chemistry analysers.

    Ordering Information

    Cat NoSize
    FR3133R1 5 x 25ml (L)

    R2 5 x 6.3ml
    EnquireKit Insert RequestMSDSBuy Online
    FR4030R1 4 x 19.8ml (L)

    R2 4 x 6.9ml
    EnquireKit Insert RequestMSDSBuy Online
    (L) Indicates liquid option

    Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers.  Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.

    Diagnostic Uses

    • Clinical Significance
    • Physiological Significance
    • Drawbacks of Traditional Diabetes Tests

    Fructosamine (glycated protein) has been identified as an early indicator of diabetic control compared to other markers such as HbA1c. RBCs live for approximately 120 days, HbA1c represents the average blood glucose levels for the previous 2 to 3 months. Conversely, fructosamine has a shorter lifespan, of about 14 to 21 days, reflecting average blood glucose levels from the previous 2 to 3 weeks 1.

    Fructosamine testing has been identified as being the best for patient care as HbA1c results can be inconclusive for several reasons. Genetic, haematological and disease-related factors negatively impact HbA1c levels, with low levels observed in late stage chronic kidney disease, conditions that shorten the lifespan of erythrocytes such as haemolytic anaemia, and in certain haemoglobinopathies such as sickle cell disease 2.

    In gestational diabetes, fructosamine should be tested as HbA1c levels are difficult to interpret as HbA1c integrates glycaemia over the lifespan of the erythrocyte. Therefore, HbA1c is relatively insensitive to short term changes. Consequently, HbA1c testing isn’t suitable in the monitoring of the effects of changes in medication. Fructosamine is a medium-term marker (shorter life span) and is a much more suitable test 2.

    In a diabetic patient where blood glucose levels are abnormally elevated, the concentration levels of fructosamine also increase as fructosamine is formed by a non-enzymatic Maillard reaction between glucose and amino acid residues of proteins. During this glycation process, an intermediate labile Schiff base is produced which is converted to a more stable ketoamine (fructosamine) via an Amadori rearrangement 3.

    The Fasting Plasma Glucose (FPG) test measures the level of blood sugars which is used to diagnose and monitor diabetes based on insulin function. The main drawback of this test is that a hormone called glucagon, produced in the pancreas, is triggered during prolonged fasting, signalling the liver to release glucose into the bloodstream. In diabetic conditions, either the body is unable to generate enough insulin or cannot appropriately respond to insulin. Consequently, FPG levels remain high 1.

    In the1980’s, HbA1c was incorporated into clinical practice as HbA1c levels correlated well with glycaemic control over a 2 to 3-month period. The main drawback of this test is that any condition that reduces the survival rate of erythrocytes such as haemolytic anaemia will falsely lower the HbA1c test results regardless of the assay method utilised 3.

    Related Products

    Fructosamine Calibrator

    Fructosamine Control

    Clinical Chemistry EQA

    Publications


    Specific Proteins

    Specific Protein Reagents: Overview

    The measurement of proteins in the body assist in the diagnosis and evaluation of various conditions. Randox manufacture immunoturbidimetric kits for the study of a wide range of specific proteins including unique products such as Apolipoprotein C-II, Apolipoprotein C-III, Apolipoprotein E, Cystatin C and Microalbumin.

    Download our Reagents Brochure

    Benefits

    • Bio-chemistry automated for rapid, efficient testing
    • Flexibility with applications available for use on a wide range of clinical chemistry analysers
    • Liquid ready-to-use reagents for efficiency
    • Latex enhanced for increased sensitivity
    • Wide measuring ranges, minimising the need to perform repeat tests
    • Minimal interference from haemoglobin, bilirubin, triglycerides and intralipids

    Superior immunoturbidimetry methodology

    Immunoturbidimetry has become the main method for performing protein tests over recent years; this development is in light of the comparability and flexibility of immunoturbidimetric testing when compared to traditional nephelometric testing. Both methods measure the turbidity of a sample to determine the level of analyte; the difference is that immunoturbidimetric tests measure the absorbance of light by the sample whereas nephelometric tests measure the light scattered at a fixed angle.

    The move from nephelometric testing to immunoturbidimetric testing provides numerous advantages, most notably they offer lower laboratory costs; nephelometry requires the use of dedicated instruments known as Nephelometers, which are slow, have high consumable costs, require highly trained personnel, and are not able to perform any other type of assay.

    Immunoturbidimetric tests, on the other hand, are carried out on routine clinical analysers, thus offering test consolidation; consolidation of tests on one single platform offers improved laboratory efficiency, versatility, rapid testing and cost-savings.

    Randox unique specific protein assays

    Apolipoprotein C-II, for use in the assessment of CVD;  Apo C-II is an amino acid protein synthesised mainly in the liver, of which deficiency can lead to increased risk of coronary artery disease, chylomicronemia, xanthomas and recurrent pancreatitis. Randox Apo C-II produces truly accurate results with excellent sensitivity of 1.48mg/dl and limited interference from Bilirubin, Haemoglobin, Intralipid and Triglycerides

    Apolipoprotein C-III, an emerging risk factor of CVD; Apo C-III is an amino acid protein which circulates in plasma in association with triglyceride rich lipoproteins and HDL, of which elevated levels are associated with primary and secondary hypertriglyceridemia, type 2 diabetes, hyperbilirubinemia, deficient kidneys and decreased thyroid function. Randox Apo C-III guarantees results with excellent linearity of 21.7mg/dl and limited interference from Bilirubin, Haemoglobin, Intralipid and Triglycerides

    Apolipoprotein E, for identification of CVD; Apo E is amino acid protein synthesised mainly in the liver, in addition to the brain, spleen, lungs, adrenals, ovaries, kidneys, muscle cells and in macrophages. Apo E deficiency can lead to premature atherosclerosis. Randox Apo E has an excellent measuring range of 1.04-12.3 mg/dl and therefore can comfortably detect abnormal Apo E levels

    Cystatin C, a specific and sensitive biomarker of renal dysfunction; Cystatin C is a protein removed and broken down by the kidneys and is considered the most effective marker for detecting kidney disease in infants and in the elderly. This is because it is highly sensitive to small changes in the GFR (Glomerular Filtration Rate); the rate at which glomeruli in the kidney filters impurities from the blood. Randox Cystatin C is suitable for use with serum and plasma samples, and has a wide measuring range able to comfortably detect abnormal levels. With on-board stability of 28 days at 10°C it also reduces reagent wastage

    Microalbumin, used to detect very small levels of albumin in the urine; low albumin concentrations in urine are the earliest marker of renal damage and therefore the Microalbumin test enables preventative measures to be taken. Randox Microalbumin immunoturbidimetric test enables sensitive and accurate assessment of albumin levels with excellent sensitivity of 5.11 mg/l to ensure even low albumin concentrations are detected.

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    Rapid Tests / Serology Reagents

    Introduction to Serology

    Serology tests are used for the detection of antibodies in the blood in order to diagnose an active or previous infection, or to determine disease of the immune system such as autoimmune disorder. There are various types of serologic tests, each to diagnose a different disease; some include Anti-Streptolysin-O, Rheumatic factor, Syphilis and CRP.

    • Cost savings with excellent stability – Stable to expiry when stored at 2-8°C
    • Convenience with liquid ready-to-use reagents
    • Wide measuring ranges for accurate detection of abnormal levels
    • Excellent correlation to standard methods
    • Variety of kit sizes offering suitability for all laboratories
    •  Controls and calibrators available to complement each assay, as well as applications for a wide variety of analysers.

    Antibodies enable identification of past or present infection

    Antibodies are formed by the body in response to infection against foreign proteins called antigens. Antigens enter the body via the mouth, nasal passages or through broken skin. Upon doing so the body’s immune system defends the body by producing antibodies, particles that attach to the antigens to deactivate them. Serology tests identify the type of antibodies and antigens present in the blood and determine the type of infection the patient may have or may have had in the past. Serology tests can also determine immunity to a certain organism.

    Serology tests include:

    Anti-Streptolysin O used to determine recent streptococcal infection caused by the streptococcus bacteria. Infections can be mild or severe, varying from throat infections, cellulitis, sinusitis, impetigo and middle ear infections to life-threatening infections of the blood or organs such as pneumonia, meningitis and sepsis. In addition this test also helps identify the presence of post streptococcal complications including rheumatic fever which causes inflammation of the joints or heart, and glomerulonephritis which refers to damage of the glomeruli (tiny filters in the kidneys). The latter are rare and are caused by the body’s immune system attacking healthy body tissue in response to streptococcus bacteria.

    CRP used to detect inflammation, infection and tissue injury of the liver. CRP (C-reactive protein) is a protein produced by the liver in response to inflammation, infection and tissue injury; it is released into the blood within a few hours and therefore the CRP test enables quick detection of trauma or infection. It can be used together with consideration of signs and symptoms to diagnose the condition causing the infection or inflammation, in addition to being useful in monitoring the treatment of people with chronic inflammatory conditions.

    Rheumatoid factor used to help diagnose rheumatoid arthritis and distinguish it from other forms of arthritis or conditions causing similar symptoms. Rheumatoid factors are antibodies produced by the body’s immune system that can attack healthy tissue in the body. Symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis include pain, stiffness in the joints (particularly in the morning), and, swelling, warmth and redness.

    Syphilis (RPR and TPHA) used to screen for the Treponema pallidum bacteria which causes syphilis, a chronic, contagious and often congenital venereal disease. The 2 types of tests we use include Rapid Plasma Reagin (RPR) and T. pallidum particle agglutination assay (TPHA).

    RPR is a non-treponemal antibody test which detects antibodies not specifically directed against the Treponema pallidum bacteria; these are produced by the body in response to several conditions including syphilis and are therefore non-specific. Such tests are highly sensitive, however, and the RPR test can also be used to monitor the treatment of syphilis.

    TPHA test is a treponemal l antibody test used to detect antibodies specifically directed against the Treponema pallidum bacteria; these are highly-specific for the detection of syphilis.

    Treponemal (syphilis specific) antibodies remain in the blood for life, whereas non-treponemal (non-syphilis specific) antibodies typically clear the blood after approx. 3 years following successful treatment; therefore following a positive treponemal test result, a non-treponemal antibody test may be used to determine between an active syphilis infection/reinfection, or a past infection which has been successfully treated.

    Rapid tests include:

    Randox Pregnancy test used for early confirmation of pregnancy by identifying Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (hCG) in urine; hCG is a hormone released by the cells of a developing placenta shortly after conception. Levels of hCG are detectable in urine in the first week after conception, therefore making it an excellent marker for early confirmation of pregnancy.

    Randox pregnancy test is highly sensitive, able to detect hCG concentrations as low as 25mlU/ml, and produces results in 3 minutes. In addition a variety of methods and kit sizes provide choice and enhances suitability.

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    Lipid Reagents

    Randox Lipids Reagents

    Lipid tests are used to assess an individual’s risk of heart attack or stroke. Lipid tests are the most important of the cardiac risk tests as they provide a clear indication of whether someone is likely to have a coronary event caused by a blockage of the blood vessels or atherosclerosis (narrowing of the arteries caused by build-up of fatty deposits).

    A complete lipid profile involves routine tests such as Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL Cholesterol and LDL Cholesterol to measure the levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood. An extended lipid profile measures emerging risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

    Download our Cardiology & Lipids Brochure

    Key Benefits

    • Enhanced convenience with liquid ready-to-use reagents (Triglycerides kits also come in lyophilised form)
    • Controls and calibrators available including a 5 point calibrator for Lp(a) to account for the wide variation of different isoforms
    • Excellent correlation to reference methods for security of accurate results
    • Applications for a wide range of clinical chemistry analysers
    • Wide measuring ranges able to comfortably detect abnormal lipid levels
    • Cost effectiveness for even small throughput labs – all lipid assays are stable to expiry when stored at 2-8⁰C (except for Triglyceride kits, stable for 21 days)

    Lipid tests are vital for risk assessment

    Lipid tests are used to assess an individual’s risk of heart attack or stroke. Lipid tests are the most important of the cardiac risk tests as they provide a clear indication of whether someone is likely to have a coronary event caused by a blockage of the blood vessels or atherosclerosis (narrowing of the arteries caused by build-up of fatty deposits).

    Lipid tests aim to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease by screening for abnormalities of triglyceride and cholesterol levels in the blood. Triglycerides and cholesterol contribute to the build-up of fatty deposits, and thus lipid profiling enables preventative measures to be taken to maintain safe levels and reduce the chances of cardiovascular disease.

    A complete lipid profile involves routine tests such as Total CholesterolTriglyceridesHDL Cholesterol and LDL Cholesterol to measure the levels of triglycerides and cholesterol in the blood. An extended lipid profile measures emerging risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

    Routine Tests

    Routine tests include a Total Cholesterol test assessing overall cholesterol levels, a HDL Cholesterol test to measure the level of ‘good cholesterol’ in the blood, an LDL Cholesterol test to measure the level of ‘bad cholesterol’ in the blood, and a Triglycerides test assessing triglyceride levels (of which high levels are associated with increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease).

    Extended analysis of blood lipids and emerging risk factors

    In addition to the conventional lipid profile Total Cholesterol, HDL Cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol and Triglycerides, we also have extended tests which can provide extra information on a patient’s lipid profile. This includes measurement of lipoproteins and their counterparts, apolipoproteins, which have the role of transferring triglycerides, cholesterol and other fats to appropriate cells for metabolism. Measurement of these allows investigation into why abnormal lipid levels may be occurring.

    Apolipoprotein A-I (removes excess cholesterol from extra-hepatic tissues) test is used to find the cause of high lipid levels and discover if a disorder is causing Apo A-I deficiency

    Apolipoprotein B (the main protein in LDL cholesterol aka ‘bad cholesterol’) test is used as an extended risk assessment of cardiovascular disease; elevated levels indicate increased risk even when total and LDL cholesterol levels are normal.

    Apo A-I and Apo B are useful to assess patients with a personal or family history of high concentrations of lipids and/or heart diseases, for diagnosis of conditions causing elevated lipid levels, for monitoring the effectiveness of lipid lowering treatments, and, when used together they can determine Apo B/Apo A-I ratio as an alternative to total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio when determining CVD risk.

    Analysis of emerging risk factors also contributes to risk assessment of cardiovascular disease:

    Lipoprotein (a) levels are genetically determined and remain fairly constant as they are not affected by lifestyle factors such as diet. High levels can occur in individuals with an otherwise normal lipid profile and can increase risk of cardiovascular disease. It is recommended that patients who have developed cardiovascular disease at a young age or those with a family history of premature heart disease be tested.

    sdLDL Cholesterol, a subtype of LDL Cholesterol aka ‘bad cholesterol’ is a vital marker for heart attack; elevated levels are associated with a three-fold increased risk of heart attack

    Apolipoprotein A-II, a major constituent of HDL Cholesterol, plays an important role in reverse cholesterol transport and lipid metabolism; the production of Apo A-II levels determine the distribution of Apo A-I in HDL (Apo A-I removes excess cholesterol), and therefore increased production of Apo A-II promotes atherosclerosis

    Apolipoprotein C-II, an aid in the assessment of CVD; Apo C-II deficiency can lead to hypertriglyceridemia (elevated triglyceride levels) in patients

    Apolipoprotein C-III, an aid in CVD risk assessment with elevated levels associated with both primary and secondary hypertriglyceridemia, in addition to being reported higher in patients with type 2 diabetes, hyperbilirubinemia, kidney deficiency and decreased thyroid function

    Apolipoprotein E, responsible for the transport of triglycerides to the liver and distribution of cholesterol between cells; deficiency can lead to premature atherosclerosis

    Email Us

    Get in touch with your local sales representative via email at reagents@randox.com

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    Diabetes Reagents

    Diabetes Reagents

    Diabetes is a life-long condition causing blood sugar levels to become too high and affects millions of people worldwide. Whilst the condition cannot be cured, it can be controlled and monitored. Randox diabetes reagents cover a spectrum of laboratory testing requirements from disease diagnosis to monitoring of associated complications.

    Download our Diabetes Brochure

    Benefits

    • High stability to ensure cost effectiveness for even small throughput labs
    • A range of methods, kits and ranges for enhanced suitability of all labs
    • A range of liquid and lyophilised formats for convenience
    • High quality for accurate results
    • Controls and calibrators available
    • Applications available for a wide range of clinical chemistry analysers

    The 3 Types of Diabetes

    Type 1 diabetes manifests in childhood and is caused by deficiency (inherited or acquired) in the production of insulin by the pancreas and so the daily monitoring and administration of insulin is required.

    Type 2 diabetes manifests later in life and occurs when the body produces insulin but does not use it effectively (known as insulin resistance). It is more common than type 1 diabetes, and is usually caused as a result of excess body fat and lack of physical activity. Type 2 diabetes can occur in any individual regardless of weight. Excess abdominal visceral fat has also been correlated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Visceral fat is the fat that surrounds the vital organs in our bodies. High levels of visceral fat is common on those who have a high BMI, however those with a healthy BMI but do not eat a healthy diet or exercise also can have high levels of visceral fat. Additionally, heart disease, hypertension, stroke and some cancers has also been linked to type 2 diabetes.

    Gestational diabetes is the development of diabetes during pregnancy as a result of the body being unable to produce enough insulin to meet the extra needs during pregnancy. Gestational diabetes can cause problems for both the mother and baby during and after birth, including: polyhydramnios, pre-eclampsia, the baby developing jaundice or low blood sugar levels after birth, or stillbirth. However it is possible to reduce the chances of these risks occurring if gestational diabetes is diagnosed and consistently monitored.

    Diagnosis and Monitoring

    Routine tests are carried out in conjunction with diabetes testing include;

    • Microalbumin to ensure normal kidney function and Albumin to ensure normal liver function.
    • Glucose is a major source of energy for most cells in the body and obtained through carbohydrate enriched foods. Insulin helps control blood glucose levels to ensure they do not get too high, and as such, high levels of glucose in the blood is an indicator of diabetes.
    • HbA1c is used to identify the average amount of glucose in the blood over a 2-3-month period. It is a good indicator of diabetes, as well as enabling diabetic patients to understand how well their diabetes is being controlled.
    • Fructosamine is used in the monitoring of diabetes and is particularly useful in reviewing the effectiveness of medication adjustments. This is because it enables average glucose levels to be obtained over a 2-3 week period. In addition, it is used to monitor glucose levels of pregnant woman suffering from gestational diabetes which allows for the monitoring of both, mother and baby glucose levels. This is crucial in decreasing risks associated with gestational diabetes such as premature birth, immediate infant health problems, miscarriage or stillbirth.

    Complications Monitoring – Speciality Tests

    The Randox specialist tests include;

    • Cystatin C is a more sensitive indicator of renal dysfunction than routine creatinine due to the creatinine blind range. Also, the elevated creatinine levels found in stage 2 and halfway through stage 3 renal dysfunction cannot be detected. Therefore, patients can suffer from 50% of kidney dysfunction before elevated levels are detected. Using the Cystatin C test enables more accurate patient results, and allows time for treatment to begin before it is too late.
    • Beta-2 Microglobulin is used when kidney damage has occurred to distinguish between the two most commonly affected sites, glomeruli and renal tubules.
    • D-3-Hydroxybutyrate is used in the identification of diabetic ketoacidosis, a serious complication of diabetes which occurs when blood sugar levels are consistently high and insulin levels are severely low.  Immediate diagnosis is vital as the condition can lead to coma or death if not treated immediately. Symptoms include nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain
    • Non-Esterified Fatty Acids (NEFA) is linked to an increased risk of developing diabetes. The measurement of NEFA is important in cases where insulin deficiency results in the metabolism of fat. An increase in NEFA concentration has also been associated with adiposity (high level of body fat), malignant disease (progressive disease) and other metabolic syndromes such as high blood pressure and abdominal obesity.  Non-Esterified Fatty Acids (NEFA) to assess diabetic patients risk of developing adiposity (high level of body fat), malignant disease (progressive disease) and other metabolic syndromes such as high blood pressure and abdominal obesity (NEFA test is important in cases where insulin deficiency results in the metabolism of fat).

    Related biomarkers include:

    Many health complications associated with diabetes include; kidney disease, eye disease, cardiovascular disease and diabetic ketoacidosis (a life-threatening condition that can develop in insulin dependent diabetics). Therefore, it is important to control and monitor the condition.

    • Cystatin C is a sensitive marker of kidney function used for the detection of early renal dysfunction in diabetic patients. It is important to note that creatinine is the routine test for renal dysfunction, however it has a blind range which means it is unable to detect elevated creatinine levels found in stage 2 and halfway through stage 3 renal dysfunction. As a result of this, 50% of kidney function can be lost before elevated creatinine levels are detectable. The cystatin C test is a more sensitive marker and can detect early stages of renal dysfunction, allowing treatment to begin before it is too late.

    If you would like more information or require informative materials for your laboratory please contact us, or alternatively download our diabetes brochure.

    Email Us

    Get in touch with your local sales representative via email at reagents@randox.com

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