Copper Assay

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Copper Assay

Reagent | Copper

A Unique Test for the Determination of Copper

Benefits of the Randox Copper Assay

Exceptional correlation

A correlation coefficient of r=0.97 was displayed when the Randox copper assay was compared to commercially available methods.

Excellent precision

The Randox copper assay displayed a precision of <2.15% CV.

Wide measuring range

The Randox copper assay has a measuring range of 6.6 – 86µmol/l for the comfortable detection of clinically important results.

Standard supplied with the kit

The Randox copper kit includes the standard simplifying the ordering process. Calibrator is available for automated use.

Controls available

Controls available offering a complete testing package.

Applications available

Applications available detailing instrument-specific settings for the convenient use of the Randox copper assay on a variety of clinical chemistry analysers.

Ordering information

Cat NoSize
CU2340R1a 1 x 105ml
R1b 5 x 20ml
R2 1 x 30ml
EnquireKit Insert RequestMSDSBuy Online

Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers.  Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.

  • PHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE
  • ANTIOXIDANT / PRO-OXIDANT
  • DEFICIENCY
  • TOXICITY

Copper (CU) is an essential trace mineral, naturally available in some foods and as dietary supplements. CU is a cofactor for several enzymes, known as cuproenzymes, which are involved in connective tissue synthesis, energy production, iron metabolism, neuropeptide activation and neurotransmitter synthesis. CU is also involved in brain development, immune system functioning, neurohormone homeostasis, pigmentation, regulation of gene expression, and several physiological processes, such as angiogenesis 1.

CU has been recognised as both an antioxidant and pro-oxidant. Naturally occurring within the body, free radicals interact with genetic material, damage cell walls and contribute to the development of several health problems. As an antioxidant, CU scavenges to neutralise the free radicals, aiding in the prevention of oxidative damage. Conversely, as a pro-oxidant, CU can promote free radical damage, inducing the development of health problems such as Alzheimer’s disease. Consequently, CU is vital as part of a balanced diet 2.

CU deficiency in Western countries is rare, however, altered CU metabolism may influence CU deficiency which negatively impacts the connective tissue, nervous, immune and cardiovascular systems. Such conditions that can predispose CU deficiency include: prematurity, gastric bypass, burns, over-the-counter vitamins containing zinc and iron and infants fed with unmodified cow milk 3.

Menkes disease is a rare x-linked recessive disorder of CU metabolism caused by mutations to the ATP7A gene. Menkes disease affects an estimated 1 in every 100,000 – 250,000 births and is characterised by sparse, kinky hair and failure to thrive and progressive deterioration of the nervous system. Symptoms commonly present during infancy, but, in some cases, the symptoms may present in early to middle childhood. If treatment is started early, the prognosis may improve 4.

Copper toxicity is also rare but can be caused by consuming too many dietary supplements high in copper, drinking contaminated water and from fungicides containing CU sulphates 3.

Wilson’s disease is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations to the ATP7B gene, which is highly expressed in the liver, kidneys and placenta. Wilson’s disease affects approximately 1 in every 40,000 and is characterised by hepatic, neuropsychiatric and ophthalmic symptoms as a result of excess copper accumulation. Unlike most genetic diseases, early detection and implementation of a treatment plan for those with Wilson’s disease can prevent longer term morbidity due to copper induced end organ dysfunction 3.

Related products

Clinical Chemistry Calibrator

Chemistry Premium Controls

Clinical Chemistry EQA


RX daytona/imola /daytona plus/monaco

Randox Acetaminophen Reagent

We develop a range of applications for the RX daytona/ imola/ daytona plus/ monaco analysers so that laboratories worldwide can enjoy the benefits of freedom of choice from an independent manufacturer, Randox Laboratories. We have a range of assays available for the RX daytona/ imola/ daytona plus/ monaco, and we are always developing more applications. If you don’t see the application you are looking for, please contact us to request an application.

All kits are produced to international standard and have ISO 13485 accreditation.

Existing customers can access IFU’s through Powerline.

Rx daytona/imola /daytona plus/monaco - Reagents
AUTOIMMUNE
Complement Component 3 CRP Full Range (0.3-160mg/l)IgECRP
Complement Component 4 CRP High Sensitivity IgG
IgAIgMRheumatoid Factor
BASIC METABOLIC PROFILE
Calcium Creatinine EnzymaticPotassiumCO2 Total
Creatinine (Jaffe)SodiumChlorideGlucose
Urea
BONE
Alkaline PhosphataseCalciumPhosphorusTotal Protein
CARDIAC
CholesterolCRP Full Range (0.3-160mg/l)Direct LDL CholesterolMyoglobin
CK-MBCRP High Sensitivity Heart-Type Fatty Acid Binding Protein (H-FABP) sLDL
CK-NACDigoxinHomocysteineTriglycerides
CRP Direct HDL CholesterolLipoprotein (a)
COMPREHENSIVE METABOLIC PROFILE
Albumin Direct BilirubinCreatinine (Jaffe)Sodium
Alkaline PhosphataseCalcium GlucoseTotal Bilirubin
ALTChlorideLactateTotal Protein
AST (GOT) CO2 Total Potassium Urea
DIABETES
CholesterolDirect HDL CholesterolGlycerol Ranbut (Hydroxybutyrate)
Creatinine EnzymaticDirect LDL Cholesterol HbA1c/Hb Total Protein
Creatinine (Jaffe)FructosamineMicroalbumin Triglycerides
Cystatin CGlucoseNEFA (Non-Esterified Fatty Acids)Urinary Protein
ELECTROLYTES
Calcium CO2 Total Magnesium Sodium (Direct / Nondirect)
Chloride (Direct / Nondirect)LithiumPotassium (Direct / Nondirect)
HAEMOLYTIC ANAEMA
G-6-P-DHHaptoglobinLDH
HEPATIC FUNCTION
AlbuminCholinesteraseHaptoglobin Total Bilirubin
AldolaseComplement C3 IgA Total Protein
Alkaline PhosphataseComplement C4IgG Transferrin
Alpha-1 AntitrypsinDirect Bilirubin IgMTransthyretin (Prealbumin)
ALTGamma GTIron (UIBC)Ammonia
GLDHLeucine Arylamidase (LAP)AST (GOT) Glycerol
LDH
INFLAMMATION AND INFECTION
Acid PhosphataseASOLactateAlpha-1Acid Glycoprotein
CRPRheumatoid Factor
LIPIDS
Apolipoprotein A-IApolipoprotein C-IICholesterolLipoprotein (a)
Apolipoprotein A-II Apolipoprotein C-IIIDirect HDL CholesterolsLDL
Apolipoprotein BApolipoprotein EDirect LDL CholesterolTriglycerides
NEONATAL SCREENING
Alpha-1 AntitrypsinCRP Full Range (0.3-160mg/l) IgECRP
CRP High SensitivityTransthyretin (Prealbumin)
NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS (CSF)
IgAIgGIgM
NUTRITIONAL STATUS
AlbuminIronMagnesiumTransferrin
Copper Iron (UIBC)PotassiumTransthyretin (Prealbumin)
FerritinLipaseTIBCZinc
PANCREATIC FUNCTION
AmylaseLDHPancreatic AmylaseGlucose
Lipase
RENAL FUNTION
Albumin Creatinine EnzymaticIgGSodium
AmmoniaCreatinine (Jaffe)LDHPhosphorus (Inorganic)
Beta-2 MicroglobulinCystatin CMagnesium Urinary Protein
CalciumGlucose Microalbumin Urea
Chloride HbA1c/HbPotassiumUric Acid
VETERINARY
Albumin Cholinesterase (Butyryl)HDLSuperoxide Dismutase (Ransod)
Alkaline phosphataseCK-NAC Iron (UIBC) Sodium
ALT (GPT) CO2 Total Lactate Therapeutic drugs
AldolaseCopper Lactate dehydrogenase Total Protein
Ammonia CreatinineLDLTriglycerides
AmylaseCRPLipaseUrea
AST (GOT) Canine CRP Magnesium Uric Acid
Bile acidsFructosamine NEFA (Non-esterified fatty acids)Urinary protein
BilirubinGamma-GT Phosphorus (Inorganic) Zinc
CalciumGLDH PotassiumChloride
GlucoseRanbut (Hydroxybutyrate)CholesterolGlycerol
Glutathione Peroxidase (Ransel)
TOXICOLOGY
Therapeutic Drugs
AcetaminophenGentamicinPhenytoinValproic Acid
CarbamazepineLithiumSalicylateDigoxin
PhenobarbitolTheophyline
Drugs of Abuse
BarbituratesCocaine metaboliteEthanolOpiates
BenzodiazepinesEDDPMethadoneCannabinoids
EcstasyMethamphetamine
SPECIFIC PROTEINS
Alpha-1 AntitrypsinASOCystatin CIgM
Alpha-1 Acid GlycoproteinBeta-2 MicroglobulinFerritinLipoprotein (a)
Apolipoprotein A-I CeruloplasminFructosamineMicroalbumin
Apolipoprotein A-II Complement C3 HaptoglobinMyoglobin
Apolipoprotein B Complement C4HbA1c/Hb Rheumatoid Factor
Apolipoprotein C-II CRP IgA Transthyretin (Prealbumin)
Apolipoprotein C-IIICRP Full Range (0.3-160mg/l)IgETransferrin
Apolipoprotein ECRP High Sensitivity IgG
RESEARCH
Antioxidants
AlbuminGlutathione Reductase TIBCUric Acid
BilirubinGlutathione Peroxidase (Ransel)Total Antioxidant StatusFerritin
Superoxide Dismutase (Ransod)Transferrin
Biotechnology
GlutamateGlutamine
Food and Wine Testing
Acetic AcidCopperGlycerolMalic Acid
Ammonia Glucose Iron Potassium
CalciumGlucose/FructoseL-Lactic AcidTotal Antioxidant Status

 


Syphilis

Reagents | Syphilis

Key Benefits

Quantative and qualitative results available

For choice and convenience

Excellent stability

Stable to expiry when stored at 2-8°C

Randox Syphilis

  • Treponema Pallidum Haemagglutination Assay (TPHA) method
  • Liquid ready-to-use reagents
  • Stable to expiry when stored at 2-8°C
  • Qualitative or quantitative results
Cat NoSize
SY1480100T (L)EnquireKit Insert RequestMSDSBuy Online
SY1478100T (Card test) (L)Buy Online
(L) Indicates liquid option

Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers.  Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.

What is the Syphilis assay used for?

Syphilis is a chronic, contagious and often congenital venereal disease caused by Treponema pallidum. Infection results from contact with moist surfaces, originating in lesions of the epithelial tissue of the skin and mucous membranes. If untreated the disease may result in irreversible changes in the cardiovascular and nervous system. Syphilis remains a disease of high incidence, despite advances in modern antibiotic therapy.

Clinical Chemistry Panel

For more information or to view more reagents within the clinical chemistry panel, please click here

Rapid Tests / Serology Panel

For more information or to view more reagents within the rapid tests / serology panel, please click here


Roche Cobas

Randox Acetaminophen Reagent

Applications for Roche Cobas 4000 / 6000 / 8000 / PURE / PRO

We develop a range of applications for the Roche Cobas Series (4000 / 6000 / 8000 / PURE / PRO) analysers so that laboratories worldwide can enjoy the benefits of freedom of choice from an independent manufacturer, Randox Laboratories.

Applications available for Roche Cobas

We have 72 reagents available for the Roche Cobas Series (4000 / 6000 / 8000 / PURE / PRO), and are always developing more. If you don’t see the application you are looking for, please email us to request an application. All kits are produced to international standard and have ISO 13485 accreditation.

Email Us

Get in touch with Randox via email at reagents@randox.com

Need Instructions?

Download your kit insert for free on our online portal

Buy Online

Order your reagents kits online by visiting our online store 


Alkaline Phosphatase Reagent

Reagent | Alkaline Phosphatase (DEA Method)

Benefits of the Randox Alkaline Phosphatase reagent

Suitable for use on a range of analysers

Alkaline phosphatase can be used on third-party analysers. To enquire about an Instrument Specific Application (ISA), please contact us.

Flexibility

Liquid and lyophilised reagents available for greater customer choice.

Excellent stability

Stable up to 30 days when stored at +2 to +8°C

DEA method

  • Available as liquid and lyophilised reagents
  • Lyophilised kit Stable up to 30 days when stored at +2 to +8⁰C or 3 days at +15 – +25⁰C
  • Liquid Kit stable to expiry at +2 to +8⁰C

Ordering Information

Cat NoSize
AP3803R1 6 x 51ml (L)
R2 6 x 14ml
EnquireKit Insert RequestMSDSBuy Online
AP30710 x 10mlEnquireKit Insert RequestMSDSBuy Online

Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers.  Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.

AMP method

  • Liquid ready-to-use reagents
  • Stable to expiry when stored at +2 to +8⁰C

Ordering Information

Cat NoSize
AP3802R1 6 x 51ml (L)
R2 6 x 14ml
EnquireKit Insert RequestMSDSBuy Online
AP8002R1 7 x 20ml (L)
R2 7 x 8ml
EnquireKit Insert RequestMSDSBuy Online
AP8302R1 4 x 20ml (L)
R2 4 x 7ml
EnquireKit Insert RequestMSDSBuy Online

Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers.  Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.

What is this assay used for?

Alkaline Phosphatase is an enzyme found in the liver, bone, kidney, digestive system and bowel tissues. The highest concentrations of Alkaline Phosphatase are contained within the tissues that make up the bone and liver.

The Alkaline Phosphatase test can be used to diagnose and monitor liver disease and damage including liver cancer, cirrhosis and hepatitis. This assay can also be used to diagnose and monitor bone damage and disease including cancers that have spread to the bone, Paget’s disease which affects how the bones grow, and issues associated with Vitamin D deficiencies.

For more information on the incidence and natural history of Paget’s disease of the bone in England and Wales, please click here.

The Randox tests can also be carried out to determine the root cause of elevated alkaline phosphatase in the blood as well as to monitor liver damage as the result of therapeutic treatment or prescribed drugs that can have implications on the liver.


Events

EVENTS CALENDAR 2024

Randox Events Calendar

After a previously successful year of reopenings and in-person events,  Randox are pleased to announce our presence at the below events. These events present a great opportunity for Randox to share our wealth of new products and innovative technologies with the industry. Check out below some of the events Randox will be attending this year. We hope to see you there!

October 2024

EVENT: Japanese Association of Clinical Laboratory Systems (JACLaS) Expo 2024

DATES: 4 October – 6 October 2024

Randox are attending the JACLaS Expo 2024 on 4 October – 6 October 2024.

Visit the JACLaS website here

 

EVENT: ASM CLINICAL VIROLOGY SYMPOSIUM

DATES: 7 October – 10 October 2024

Randox are attending the ASM CLINICAL VIROLOGY SYMPOSIUM on 7 October – 10 October 2024.

Visit the ASM CLINICAL VIROLOGY SYMPOSIUM website here

 

EVENT: 56 Congresso Nazionale SIBIOC – MEDICINA DI LABORATORIO

DATES: 8 October – 10 October 2024

Randox are attending the 56 Congresso Nazionale SIBIOC – MEDICINA DI LABORATORIO on 8 October – 10 October 2024.

Visit the SIBioC website here

 

 

EVENT: 11th CONGRESS OF THE CROATIAN SOCIETY OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE

DATES: 9 October – 12 October 2024

Randox are attending the 11th CONGRESS OF THE CROATIAN SOCIETY OF MEDICAL BIOCHEMISTRY AND LABORATORY MEDICINE on 9 October – 12 October 2024.

Visit the Congress of the Croatian Society of Medical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine website here

EVENT: Northeast Ohio AACC – Fall Meeting 2024

DATES: 10 October – 10 October 2024

Randox are attending the Northeast Ohio AACC – Fall Meeting 2024 on 10 October 2024.

Visit the Northeast Ohio AACC – Fall Meeting 2024 website here

EVENT: 2024 Northeast Laboratory Conference

DATES: 15 October – 16 October 2024

Randox are attending the North East Laboratory Conference (NELC) on 15 – 16 October 2024.

Visit the North East Laboratory Conference (NELC) website here

EVENT: Global Health Exhibition2024

DATES: 22 October – 24 October 2024

Randox are attending the Global Health Exhibition on 22 – 24 October 2024.

Visit the Global Health Exhibition website here

EVENT: 9th SIPMeL Conference

DATES: 28 October – 30 October 2024

Randox are attending the 9th SIPMeL Conference on 28 – 30 October 2024.

Visit the 9th SIPMeL Conference website here

 

EVENT: APFCB

DATES: 31 October – 3 November 2024

Randox are attending the APFCB Congress 2024 on 31 October – 3 November 2024.

Visit the APFCB Congress 2024  website here

 

November 2024

EVENT: CTMPR Annual Convention

DATES: 7 November – 8 November 2024

Randox are attending the CTMPR Annual Convention 7th – 8th November2024.

Visit the CTMPR Annual Convention website here

EVENT: VMN’s 7th Annual Symposium

DATES: 8 November 2024

Randox are attending the VMN 7th Annual Symposium on 8th November2024.

Visit the VMN’s 7th Annual Symposium website here

EVENT: ACBI Conference 2024

DATES: 8 November – 9 November 2024

Randox are attending the ACBI Conference on 8th – 9th November2024.

Visit the ACBI website here

medica 2

EVENT: Medica 2024

DATES: 11 November – 14 November 2024

Randox are attending Medica on 11th – 14th November 2024.

Visit the Medica website here

EVENT: LabMed West Midlands Scientific Meeting

DATES: 18 November 2024

Randox are attending the LabMed West Midlands Scientific Meeting on 18th November2024.

Visit the LabMed West Midlands Scientific Meeting website here

 

EVENT: LABCLIN

DATES: 20 November to 22 November 2024

Randox are attending the LABCLIN on 20th – 22nd November 2024.

Visit the LABCLIN website here

 

 

EVENT: 19º CONGRELAB

DATES: 22 November – 23 November 2024

Randox are attending the 19º CONGRELAB on 22nd – 23rd November 2024.

Visit the 19º CONGRELAB website here

 

 

EVENT: PTDL Cracow

DATES: 23 November 2024

Randox are attending the PTDL Cracow on 23rd November 2024.

Visit the PTDL Cracow website here

December 2024

EVENT: RICAI

DATES: 16 December – 17 December 2024

Randox are attending RICAI on 16th – 17th December 2024.

Visit the RICAI website here


Beckman Coulter AU

Randox Acetaminophen Reagent

Applications for Beckman Coulter AU Series

We develop a range of applications for the Beckman Coulter AU Series (400 / 480 / 600 / 640 / 680 / 2700 / 5400 / 5800 / DxC700AU) analysers so that laboratories worldwide can enjoy the benefits of freedom of choice from an independent manufacturer, Randox Laboratories.

Beckman Coulter AU Series Applications

We have 87 reagents available for the Beckman Coulter AU (400 / 480 / 600 / 640 / 680 / 2700 / 5400 / 5800 / DxC700AU) analysers, and are always developing more. If you don’t see the application you are looking for, please contact us to request an application. All kits are produced to international standard and have ISO 13485 accreditation.

Need Instructions?

Download kit inserts for free on our online portal

Email Us

Get in touch with Randox via email at reagents@randox.com

Buy Online

Order reagents kits online by visiting our online store 


Cardiology Reagents Panel

Randox Cardiology Reagents Panel

Randox is a leading provider of diagnostic reagents for the assessment of cardiovascular disease risk. Our extensive menu of cardiac biomarkers within the cardiology reagents panel include: routine lipid tests such as Homocysteine, hsCRP, Apo A-I, Apo A-II, Apo B and Lp(a), as well as, unique assays for cardiac risk assessment including sdLDL Cholesterol, Apo C-II, Apo C-III and Apo E. Check out our benefits below.

Download our Cardiology & Lipids Brochure

Benefits

  • Unique reagents enable impeccable patient care with an expanded profile for cardiac risk assessment
  • Wide measuring ranges for accurate detection of abnormal levels
  • Liquid ready-to-use reagents for convenience, and we also offer lyophilised reagents
  • Applications available for a wide range of clinical chemistry analysers
  • Strong correlation to reference methods for trusted results

Randox Cardiology Reagents

Risk Assessment

  • CK-MB useful in patients with chest pain; Creatine Kinase is an enzyme produced in many different types of cells, of which high levels indicate muscle trauma or damage.
  • Routine lipid tests to determine the patient’s cholesterol and triglyceride levels – HDL Cholesterol, LDL Cholesterol, Total Cholesterol and Triglycerides
  • Independent risk assessment tests such as sdLDL Cholesterol and Lipoprotein(a) to determine any genetic factors which may increase their risk of CVD. Please note, this is necessary even for patients who have good cholesterol levels
  • Secondary tests, such as High Sensitivity CRP, in addition to risk assessment markers and lipid evaluation – secondary tests are important in predicting future cardiac events of individuals with no previous history of CVD and those deemed healthy as a result of primary tests; approximately half of all heart attacks occur in patients classified as low risk. In addition, they can also be used to evaluate the risk of a recurrent cardiac event
  • Speciality tests include
    • Homocysteine – elevated levels of homocysteine have been linked to various disease states including CVD. Extremely high levels are found in patients with homocystinuria, of which many suffer from early arteriosclerosis.
Download our Cardiology & Lipids Brochure

Email Us

Get in touch with your local sales representative via email at reagents@randox.com

Need Instructions?

Kit Inserts are available to download for free on our online portal

Buy Online

Order your cardiology kits today by visiting our online store 


Beta-2 Microglobulin Reagent

Reagent | Beta 2 Microglobulin

Key Benefits of the Beta-2 Microglobulin reagent

Wide measuring range

The healthy range of beta-2 microglobulin is 0.9 – 3.0 mg/l. The Randox Beta-2 Microglobulin reagent can comfortably detect levels outside of this range with a measuring range of 0.56 – 20.9 mg/l.

Excellent stability

Stable until expiry date when stored at +2 to +8⁰C

Liquid ready-to-use reagents

The Randox Beta-2 Microglobulin reagent comes in a liquid format which is more convenient as the reagent does not need to be reconstituted which aids in reducing the risk of errors occurring

Other features of the Beta-2 Microglobulin reagent

  • Immunoturbidimetric
  • Liquid ready-to-use reagents
  • Stable to expiry when stored at +2 to +8⁰C
  • Measuring range 0.56 – 20.9 mg/l
Cat NoSize
BM3887R1 2 x 11ml (L)
R2 2 x 4.3ml
EnquireKit Insert RequestMSDSBuy Online

Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers.  Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.

What is the Beta-2 Microglobulin assay used for?

What is beta-2 microglobulin?

Located on the surface of most cells, especially nucleated cells, are large surface proteins called Class I antigens which are made up of a heavy chain and a light chain. The heavy chain is produced by multiple genes and the light chain is chemically bound to it.  This light chain is the beta-2 microglobulin.  Class I antigens are mostly expressed on lymphoid cells and expressed less on the lungs, kidney and liver and are sparsely expressed on skeletal muscle and the brain.  Beta-2 microglobulin is shed by the cells which becomes detectable in the bloodstream under normal conditions.

What is the beta-2 microglobulin assay used for?

Elevated concentration levels of beta-2 microglobulin is attributed to diseases with a high cell turnover.  It is a powerful prognosis factor for multiple myeloma, a type of bone marrow cancer.  It is also used to detect chronic lymphocytic leukemia and some types of lymphomas. For more information on tumor markers, please click here [external link].

Low concentration levels of beta-2 microglobulin in serum and high concentration levels is urine is attributed to renal tubular disease. This is particularly important during the onset on diabetes as the kidneys grow larger and the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) becomes supranormal which are risk factors for the development of diabetic nephropathy in later life. For more information on renal function in diabetic disease model, please click here [external link].

The Randox Beta-2 Microglobulin assay is used as a white blood cell tumor marker as well as a biomarker for renal disease.

Diabetes Panel

For more information or to visit more reagents within the diabetes panel, please click here


Lipid Testing Panel

Lipid Panel Testing Panel | Reagents

Introducing The Randox Lipids Panel

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) caused by atherosclerosis (arteriosclerosis) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Western countries1. Atherosclerosis involves the hardening and narrowing of vessels in the systemic system. This process originates from the build-up of fatty deposits through a process known as atherogenesis. If the build-up increases, plaque rupturing may occur which may lead to myocardial infarction2.

The mission of the National Lipid Association (NLA) “is to enhance the practice of lipid management in clinical medicine”.  NLA advocate advancing the current lipid testing profile. The current lipid panel consists of testing LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides, which only detects approximately 20% of all atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) patients.  Advanced lipid testing is recommended to optimise patient treatment3.

Current Challenges

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75% of circulatory risk factors are preventable4

 

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1 in 4 deaths in the US is attributed to heart disease6

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6 million people in the UK suffer from narrowing of the heart arteries5

How Can Randox Help With The Current Challenges

  • Risk Assessment using Randox lipid reagents

As the current lipid panel consists of testing LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides, which only detects approximately 20% of all coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, advanced lipid testing is recommended to optimise patient treatment. The Randox lipid profile encompasses niche and superior performance assays for the detection of conventional risk factors, as well as emerging biomarkers associated with further risk.

Lipids-06

Apolipoprotein C-III (Apo C-III)
A niche product from Randox, Apo C-III deficiency has shown to increase the rate of triglyceride clearance from plasma by up to 7 fold. Apo C-III levels have been reported higher in several conditions such as type 2 diabetes, hyperbilirubinemia and decreased thyroid function.

Lipids-04

Apolipoprotein E (Apo E)
A niche product from Randox, Apo E has been found to have an association with neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s Disease and Multiple Sclerosis. A deficiency in Apo E gives rise to high levels of serum cholesterol and triglycerides, leading to premature atherosclerosis

Lipids-05

HDL3 Cholesterol (HDL3-C)
A niche product from Randox, HDL3-C, a subclass of HDL-C, has an inverse correlation with CVD risk. Several clinical studies indicate that measuring these HDL-C subclasses better reflects primary and secondary CHD risk than measurement of total HDL-C, making it a significant independent biomarker for better risk profiling when used together with other risk markers.

Lipids-07

Lipoprotein (a) (Lp(a))
A unique product from Randox, Lp(a) has proven to have a causal role in the premature development of atherosclerosis and CVD as elevated Lp(a) levels associate robustly and specifically with increased CVD risk. The Randox Lp(a) assay is one of the only methodologies on the market that detects the non-variable part of the Lp(a) molecule and therefore suffers minimal size related bias.

sdLDl-C

Small-dense LDL Cholesterol (sdLDL-C)
A niche product from Randox, sdLDL-C, a subtype of LDL cholesterol, can more readily permeate the inner arterial wall. Research indicates that individuals with a predominance of sdLDL-C have a 3-fold increased risk of myocardial infarction.

  • Benefits of Randox Lipid Reagents
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Liquid ready-to-use assays
The Randox lipid assays are available in a liquid ready-to-use format for convenience and ease of use. (The Triglycerides kit is also available in a lyophilised format).

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Wide measuring ranges
The Randox lipid assays can comfortably detect levels outside of the healthy range for the accurate detection of abnormal levels, offering peace of mind in patient samples.

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Excellent correlation with standard methods
The Randox lipid assays display excellent correlations when compared against standard methods, offering trust and confidence in results.

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Applications are available
Applications are available detailing instrument-specific settings for the convenient use of the Randox lipid assays on a wide range of clinical chemistry analysers.

  • Randox Lipid Reagents
  • Circulatory Health Problems
  • Tips to improve circulatory health

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to disease of the heart or blood vessels. Heart disease encompasses a number of diseases that affect the heart. In contrast, vascular disease encompasses a number of diseases that affect the blood vessels. Circulatory health problems are the result of vascular disease. Developing problems within the vascular system can go undetermined and in some patients the problem may only become apparent when they experience a heart attack or stroke 7.

Lipids-01

Atherogenesis and Atherosclerosis

Atherogenesis is a circulatory disease whereby atheromas are formed (plaque build-up) within the artery.  Plaque is a combination of cholesterol, fat, calcium, lipids and other substances within the blood stream.  As time progresses, the plaque hardens, narrowing the arteries.  This is known as atherosclerosis. Consequently, blood flow through the narrowed artery is reduced, limiting the supply of blood to vital organs and bodily tissues.  As atherogenesis can affect any artery within the body, different diseases may develop based on the artery that is affected.  Such diseases include: coronary heart/artery disease, carotid artery disease, peripheral artery disease and chronic kidney disease8.

Lipids-02

Plaque Rupture

As atherogenesis and atherosclerosis causes plaque to build up and harden within the arteries precipitating thrombi, blood flow to the heart, brain, or the lower extremities is obstructed (depending on the artery affected).  This can further develop into coronary heart/artery disease (heart), ischemic stroke (brain) or peripheral vascular disease (lower extremities).  However, the most common and most discussed of these manifestations is coronary heart/artery disease9.  These manifestations occur when the plaque ruptures.  The risk of the plaque rupturing is determined by the type of plaque (composition) rather than the size of the plaque (volume) as only plaques that are rich in soft extracellular lipids are rupture-prone (vulnerable).  Whilst most plaque ruptures are small causing an acute coronary event, the actual vulnerability of the plaque may change over time.  Luckily, the vulnerable plaque components are most likely to regress with treatment10.

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Myocardial Infarction

The processes of atherogenesis, atherosclerosis and plaque rupturing, if left undetected can a myocardial infarction (MI) or “heart attack” if the plaque build-up has occurred in the coronary artery11. MI occurs when the blood supply to heart is completely blocked by the formation of a clot or a blockage due to a loose piece of atheroma (plaque rupturing). If the blood supply to the heart is blocked the cells in the heart begin to die due to the lack of oxygen, causing chest pain (angina). The extent of the blockage and the amount of heart muscle affected will determine whether this malfunction will affect the hearts ability to pump blood12. The signs of atherogenesis, atherosclerosis and plaque rupturing can be subtle, and most heart attack victims may only feel symptoms in the days leading up to the attack. For 80% of people, the first sign of a heart attack is angina. Other symptoms to be aware of are shortness of breath, anxiety, sweating, light-headedness and temporary changes in vision 11.

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Exercise

Regular exercise has a major effect on your circulation and cardiovascular health. Moderate levels of exercise can increase blood flow and reduce the risk of poor circulatory health conditions such as atherosclerosis. Exercise promotes good circulation as it strengthens the heart muscles, lowing the resting heart rate and preventing the build-up of plaque in the arteries. It is important for those with current circulation problems to be vigilant while exercising to ensure they are not over exerting themselves13.

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Know your healthy fats

Diet changes are important for improving circulatory health. Eating a variety of foods such as lean meats, vegetables, fruits, legumes and whole grains will aid in lowering lipid levels and keep them low. It is recommended that more unsaturated fats are consumed in comparison to saturated fats, as saturated fats raise sdLDL-C levels which can lead to an increased risk of atherosclerosis. On the other hand, unsaturated fats such as monounsaturated or polyunsaturated fats may increase HDL levels and are known as being ‘heart-healthy’. It is recommended to find healthier alternatives for certain foods such as butter and oil14.

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Stop Smoking

Smoking can cause circulatory problems in several ways. Most notably it can cause the carotid arteries (arteries which supply oxygen to the brain) to become filled with plaque. Also, smoking can cause PAD by reducing adequate blood supply to the limbs which can lead to leg pain and possibly amputation. Quitting smoking has been proven to have positive effects on circulation: just 20 minutes after a cigarette, blood pressure decreases and oxygen levels return to normal. Within 24 hours, the chance of a heart attack will have already decreased and after 48 hours, nerve endings deeded by the habit are expected to regenerate, with sense of taste and smell improving also. A year after quitting, the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) will be halved. After 15 years, a quitter’s risk of CHD is now similar to that of a person who has never smoked14.

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  • References

    [1] Burnett, John R. Lipids, Lipoproteins, Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Disease. National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). [Online] Clin Biochem Rev., 25 February 2004. [Cited: 3 December 2018.] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1853363/.

    [2] Zimmermaann, Kim Ann. Circulatory Systenm: Facts, Function & Diseases. Live Science. [Online] 16 March 2018. [Cited: 3 December 2018.] https://www.livescience.com/22486-circulatory-system.html.

    [3] National Lipid Association. National Lipid Association Releases Updated Recommendations on the Use of PCSK9 Inhibitors at the 15th Annual Scientific Session. [Online] no date. [Cited: 3 December 2018.] https://www.lipid.org/nla/national-lipid-association-releases-updated-recommendations-use-pcsk9-inhibitors-15th-annual.

    [4] World Heart Federation. Driving Sustainable Action for Circulatory Health: Whitepaper for Circulatory Health. [Online] Global Coarlition for Circulatory Health, no date. [Cited: 30 November 2018.] https://www.world-heart-federation.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/White-Paper-for-Circulatory-Health.pdf.

    [5] British Heart Foundation. Research into atherosclerosis: 4 scientists talk about their work. [Online] no date. [Cited: 30 November 2018.] https://www.bhf.org.uk/informationsupport/heart-matters-magazine/research/atherosclerosis..

    [6] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Heart Disease Facts. [Online] 28 November 2017. [Cited: 4 December 2018.] https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htm.

    [7] Cardiovascular Disease. NHS. [Online] NHS UK, September 15, 2018. [Cited: November 30, 2018.] https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cardiovascular-disease/

    [8] National Heart, Lunch, and Blood Institute. Atherosclerosis. [Online] no date. [Cited: 28 November 2018.] https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/atherosclerosis.

    [9] Fog Bentzon, Jacob, et al. Mechanisms of Plaque Formation and Rupture. Circulation Research. [Online] 6 June 2014. [Cited: 29 November 2018.] https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1161/circresaha.114.302721.

    [10] Falk, E. Why do plaques rupture? National Center for Biotechnology Information. [Online] Circulation, December 1992. [Cited: 29 November 2018.] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1424049.

    [11] MedBroadcast. Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction, MI). [Online] no date. [Cited: 30 November 2018.] https://medbroadcast.com/condition/getcondition/heart-attack.

    [12] Harvard Health Publications. Heart Attack (Myocardial Infarction. [Online] 10 September 2018. [Cited: 30 November 2018.] https://www.drugs.com/health-guide/heart-attack-myocardial-infarction.html.

    [13] Bergeson Becco, Laine. How Exercise Affects Circulation (and Vice Versa). Experience Life. [Online] June 2017. [Cited: 4 December 2018.] https://experiencelife.com/article/how-exercise-affects-circulation-and-vice-versa/.

    [14] Mayo Clinic. Top 5 lifestykle changes to improve your cholesterol. [Online] 11 August 2018. [Cited: 4 December 2018.] https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/high-blood-cholesterol/in-depth/reduce-cholesterol/art-20045935.


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