D-3-Hydroxybutyrate (Ranbut)
Reagent | D-3-Hydroxybutyrate (Ketone)
Powered by BiozD-3-Hydroxybutyrate: A Superior Marker of Ketoacidosis
Benefits of the Randox D-3-Hydroxybutyrate (Ketone) Assay
Superior methodology
The commercially available nitroprusside method is a semi-quantitative dipstick test which only detects acetone and acetoacetate. As the most abundant ketone produced during ketosis, D-3-hydroxybutyrate is more sensitive and specific.
Exceptional correlation
A correlation coefficient of r=0.9954 was displayed when the Randox method was compared against other commercially available methods.
Excellent precision
The Randox Ranbut assay displayed an excellent precision of <3.5%.
Calibrator and controls available
Calibrator and controls are available offering a complete testing package.
Applications available
Applications available detailing instrument-specific settings for the convenient use of the Randox Ranbut assay on a variety of clinical chemistry analysers.
Ordering Information
| Cat No | Size | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RB1007 | 10 x 10ml (S) | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| RB1008 | 10 x 50ml (S) | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| (L) Indicates liquid option (S) Indicates standard included in kit | |||||
Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers. Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.
Diagnostic Uses
Ketosis is a metabolic process that occurs when the body switches from glucose to predominantly fat metabolism for energy production, this happens when carbohydrate availability reaches low levels. The metabolism of fatty acids in the liver results in the production of chemical by-products known as ketone bodies or ketones. Ketosis occurs when the body produces more ketones than the liver can process.
DKA is a serious complication of both Type I Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM), however can also affect individuals with T2DM. The condition is linked to insulin deficiency and occurs when glucose levels are consistently high and insulin levels are severely low. Due to this imbalance glucose builds up in the blood and the body responds by metabolising fat rather than glucose. DKA is usually one of the first indicators of T1DM.
Ketosis is not normally dangerous and is typical of ketogenic diets which are low in carbohydrates. Ketones however are poisonous when present in high levels leading to ketoacidosis, DKA for example if left untreated can cause damage to vital organs and in some instances may lead to a coma or death. DKA is commonly triggered by an illness, infection or missing insulin treatments.
The American Diabetes Association recommends testing for ketosis in diabetics when symptoms of ketoacidosis are present, when
glucose levels are consistently elevated, during pregnancy and if experiencing any illness. NICE also recommend monitoring ketones in patients with T1DM especially during periods of illness.
Semi-quantitative, nitroprusside-based methods remain common for the detection of ketones in the blood and urine of diabetic patients. The nitroprusside method is available in both tablet and reagent test strip form where urine or blood is applied, and a colour change observed. There are several limitations associated with Nitroprusside methods;
- Capable of detecting only acetone and acetoacetate, as such they lack sensitivity especially in early stages of DKA.
- The intensity of the colour change observed is subjective compared to quantitative methods like D-3-Hydroxybutyrate which can be used to monitor recovery and improvements to treatment.
- Several medications including Valproic Acid and Vitamin C can interfere with nitroprusside methods leading to false positive
results. - False negative results are common as the method does not detect the main ketone body – D-3-Hydroxybutyrate. As ketoacidosis improves and D-3-Hydroxybutyrate is converted to acetoacetate the result with urine dipsticks can appear positive despite the patient’s status improving by this stage.
- D-3-Hydroxybutyrate is a more reliable indicator of ketosis and DKA due to its superior stability when compared to acetone and
acetoacetate.
When the carbohydrate stores are significantly decreased, or the fatty acid concentration is increased, there is an upregulation of the ketogenic pathway and consequently, an increased production of ketone bodies. This is commonly observed in alcoholism, type I diabetes and starvation. Most organs, including the brain, can utilise ketones as its source of energy. The liver however, cannot utilise ketones, despite producing them, as the liver lacks the necessary enzyme ketoacyl-CoA transferase 1.
Ketosis is the presence of ketones. Whilst ketosis is not dangerous, if left untreated, especially in diabetes, ketoacidosis (high levels of ketones) develops 2.
In type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), the body is unable to produce insulin resulting in bodily cells not receiving energy from glucose, causing the body to release hormones to breakdown fat for energy, producing ketones. If left untreated, diabetic ketoacidosis develops, a serious health condition. Diabetic ketoacidosis is commonly triggered by an illness, infection or missing insulin treatments 3.
There are three main ketones produced as a result of ketosis; D – 3 – Hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate and acetone.
D-3-Hydroxybutyrate is the most abundant of the three accounting for 75% of total ketones in the body, it is later catabolised into acetoacetate and then into acetone. Due to the higher levels of D-3-Hydroxybutyrate, it is the more sensitive marker for the diagnosis of ketosis, in particular DKA.
Ketogenesis is a biochemical process whereby the body produces ketone bodies (acetone, acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate. As ketone bodies are water soluble, they do not require lipoproteins for transport 1.
In healthy humans, small amounts of ketones are continuously made for the body to use an energy. Ketone bodies increase in times of fasting and sleeping 1.
Useful Links
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References
[1] Dhillon KK, Gupta S. Biochemistry, Ketogenesis. Treasure Island: StatPearls Publishing; 2020. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK493179/ (accessed 28 September 2020).
[2] Hecht M. Ketosis vs. Ketoacidosis: What You Should Know. https://www.healthline.com/health/ketosis-vs-ketoacidosis (accessed 28 September 2020).
[3] Mayo Clinic. Diabetic ketoacidosis. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/diabetic-ketoacidosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20371551 (accessed 28 September 2020).
Calcium Reagent
Reagent | Calcium
Key Benefits of the Randox Calcium reagent
Exceptional correlation with standard methods
The Randox methodology was compared to other commercially available methods and the Randox Calcium assay showed a correlation coefficient of 0.99.
Excellent stability
Stable for 7 days at +2 to +8°C or 3 days at +15 to +25°C
Liquid ready-to-use
The Randox calcium reagent is available in a liquid ready to use format for convenience and ease of use.
Other features of the Randox Calcium reagent (CPC/AMP)
- CPC/AMP method
- Liquid ready-to-use reagents
- Open vial stability of 21 days
| Cat No | Size | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA590 | R1 1 x 100ml (S)(L) R2 1 x 100ml R3 1 x 10ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| (S) Indicates standard included in kit (L) Indicates liquid reagent |
|||||
Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers. Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.
Other features of the Randox Calcium reagent (Arsenazo)
- Arsenazo method
- Liquid ready-to-use reagents
- Stable until expiry date when stored at +15 to +25°C
| Cat No | Size | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA3871 | 9 x 51ml (L) | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| CA8021 | 8 x 68ml (L) | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| CA8309 | 4 x 20ml (L) | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| (L) Indicates liquid option | |||||
Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers. Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.
What is the Calcium assay used for?
What is calcium?
Calcium is the fifth most abundant element in the body. Most of it in the human adult is extracellular and 99% of it exists as crystalline hydroxyapatite in bones and teeth where it confers rigidity. It plays a major role in the mechanisms of nerve impulse transmission, muscular contraction and blood coagulation. Secretion from the parathyroid glands, thyroid C cells and pancreatic B cells is controlled by the extracellular ionised calcium concentration at the cell surface.
What is the calcium assay used for?
It is tested to diagnosis and monitor numerous conditions related to the heart, nerves, bones and kidneys.
Hypercalcemia can be the result of hyperparathyroidism (overactive parathyroid gland), cancer, carcinomas, vitamin D overdoses and are of diagnostic value in detecting chronic renal disease and acute pancreatic disease.
Hypocalcemia is associated with hypoparathyroidism (underactive parathyroid gland), vitamin D deficiency, calcium deficiency, kidney dysfunction and renal failure. For more information on risk factors for post-thyroidectomy hypocalcemia, please click here [external link].
The Randox Calcium assay is used for the quantitative in vitro determination of calcium concentration in serum, plasma and urine.
- Kauther, M.D., et al. Biochemical markers of particle induced osteolysis in C57BL/6 mice. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med., 2010, 48 (11): 1641-1646.
Clinical Chemistry Panel
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Veterinary Panel
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Homocysteine Assay
A Marker of Hyperhomocysteinemia
Benefits of the Randox Homocysteine Assay
Two-part liquid ready-to-use
The Randox homocysteine assay is available in a two-part liquid ready-to-use format, limiting interference from bilirubin, haemoglobin, triglycerides and intralipid®, producing more accurate and precise results.
Exceptional correlation
The Randox homocysteine assay is standardised to the NIST SRM 1955 (Homocysteine Standard Reference Material) displaying a correlation coefficient of r=0.98 when compared to industry comparative methods.
Excellent measuring range
The Randox homocysteine assay has a measuring range of 1.7 – 47.9 μmol/l for the comfortable detection of clinically important results.
Calibrator included in the kit
The Randox homocysteine kit includes the calibrator simplifying the ordering process.
Controls available
Controls available offering a complete testing package.
Applications available
Applications available detailing instrument-specific settings for the convenient use of the Randox homocysteine assay on a variety of clinical chemistry analysers.
Ordering information
| Cat No | Size | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HY4036 | R1 2 x 21.7ml (C)(L) R2 2 x 4.6ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| (L) Indicates liquid option (C) Indicates calibrator included in kit |
|||||
Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers. Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.
Homocysteine is a sulfur-containing amino acid produced by the intracellular demethylation of the essential amino acid, methionine. Homocysteine has three metabolic functions within the human body: firstly, to be remethylated into methionine; secondly, to enter the biosynthetic pathway of cysteine; and thirdly, to be released into the extracellular medium (blood and urine). The third metabolic function is the direct cause of elevated homocysteine concentrations in urine and plasma 1, 2.
Hyperhomocysteinemia (elevated levels of homocysteine) has been identified in numerous conditions and disease states including, cardiovascular disease (atherosclerosis and thrombosis), pregnancy complications, psoriasis, cognitive impairment in the elderly, mental disorders, neural tube defects and birth defects 1, 2.
Women with elevated levels of homocysteine have a 3-fold increased risk of CVD, whereas men have a 2-fold increased risk 3. Hyperhomocysteinemia correlates with an increased risk of colorectal cancer with elevated homocysteine levels being highly prevalent in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases which is believed to be associated with either an increased or decreased absorption of folate and other B vitamins 4. Hyperhomocysteinemia was associated with a 2 to 3-fold increased risk of abrupyio placentae, pregnancy-induced hypertension, and intrauterine growth restriction 5.
Tri-Level Cardiac Control
Cardiac EQA Scheme
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References
Publications
Copper Assay
Reagent | Copper
A Unique Test for the Determination of Copper
Benefits of the Randox Copper Assay
Exceptional correlation
A correlation coefficient of r=0.97 was displayed when the Randox copper assay was compared to commercially available methods.
Excellent precision
The Randox copper assay displayed a precision of <2.15% CV.
Wide measuring range
The Randox copper assay has a measuring range of 6.6 – 86µmol/l for the comfortable detection of clinically important results.
Standard supplied with the kit
The Randox copper kit includes the standard simplifying the ordering process. Calibrator is available for automated use.
Controls available
Controls available offering a complete testing package.
Applications available
Applications available detailing instrument-specific settings for the convenient use of the Randox copper assay on a variety of clinical chemistry analysers.
Ordering information
| Cat No | Size | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CU2340 | R1a 1 x 105ml R1b 5 x 20ml R2 1 x 30ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers. Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.
Copper (CU) is an essential trace mineral, naturally available in some foods and as dietary supplements. CU is a cofactor for several enzymes, known as cuproenzymes, which are involved in connective tissue synthesis, energy production, iron metabolism, neuropeptide activation and neurotransmitter synthesis. CU is also involved in brain development, immune system functioning, neurohormone homeostasis, pigmentation, regulation of gene expression, and several physiological processes, such as angiogenesis 1.
CU has been recognised as both an antioxidant and pro-oxidant. Naturally occurring within the body, free radicals interact with genetic material, damage cell walls and contribute to the development of several health problems. As an antioxidant, CU scavenges to neutralise the free radicals, aiding in the prevention of oxidative damage. Conversely, as a pro-oxidant, CU can promote free radical damage, inducing the development of health problems such as Alzheimer’s disease. Consequently, CU is vital as part of a balanced diet 2.
CU deficiency in Western countries is rare, however, altered CU metabolism may influence CU deficiency which negatively impacts the connective tissue, nervous, immune and cardiovascular systems. Such conditions that can predispose CU deficiency include: prematurity, gastric bypass, burns, over-the-counter vitamins containing zinc and iron and infants fed with unmodified cow milk 3.
Menkes disease is a rare x-linked recessive disorder of CU metabolism caused by mutations to the ATP7A gene. Menkes disease affects an estimated 1 in every 100,000 – 250,000 births and is characterised by sparse, kinky hair and failure to thrive and progressive deterioration of the nervous system. Symptoms commonly present during infancy, but, in some cases, the symptoms may present in early to middle childhood. If treatment is started early, the prognosis may improve 4.
Copper toxicity is also rare but can be caused by consuming too many dietary supplements high in copper, drinking contaminated water and from fungicides containing CU sulphates 3.
Wilson’s disease is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations to the ATP7B gene, which is highly expressed in the liver, kidneys and placenta. Wilson’s disease affects approximately 1 in every 40,000 and is characterised by hepatic, neuropsychiatric and ophthalmic symptoms as a result of excess copper accumulation. Unlike most genetic diseases, early detection and implementation of a treatment plan for those with Wilson’s disease can prevent longer term morbidity due to copper induced end organ dysfunction 3.
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Clinical Chemistry Calibrator
Chemistry Premium Controls
Clinical Chemistry EQA
Publications
References
[1] National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Copper-HealthProfessional/ (accessed 10 March 2020).
[4] Rare Diseases. Menkes disease. https://rarediseases.info.nih.gov/diseases/1521/menkes-disease (accessed 10 March 2020).
Triglycerides
Reagent | Triglycerides
Key Benefits
Excellent stability
Working reagents stable for 21 days at 2-8⁰C or 3 days at 15-25 °C
Applications available
For a wide variety of clinical chemistry analysers including the RX series
Strong correlation
The Triglycerides assay showed a correlation coefficient of 0.9965 against another commercially available method
Randox Triglycerides (GPO-PAP)
- GPO-PAP method
- Liquid and lyophilised reagents available
- Working reagents stable for 21 days at +2 to +8⁰C or 3 days at +15 to +25 ⁰C
- Applications available
| Cat No | Size | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| TR210 | 6 x 15ml (S) | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| TR1697 | 4 x 100ml (S) | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| TR3823 | 6 x 51ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| TR8332 | 4 x 20ml (L) | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| TR8147 | 8 x 20ml (L) | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| (L) Indicates liquid option (S) Indicates standard included in kit |
|||||
Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers. Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.
What is Triglycerides assay used for?
Triglyceride measurements are used in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases involving lipid metabolism and various endocrine disorders e.g. diabetes mellitus, nephrosis and liver obstruction.
High levels of triglycerides in the blood are associated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Certain factors can contribute to high triglyceride levels, including lack of exercise, being overweight, smoking cigarettes, consuming excess alcohol, and medical conditions such as diabetes and kidney disease.
Related Products
Standard included in TR210, TR212, TR213, TR1697
Total Cholesterol
Reagent | Total Cholesterol
Key Benefits
Exceptional correlation with standard methods
A correlation coefficient of r=0.99 was obtained with a competitor method
Excellent stability
Stable to expiry when stored at 2-8°C
Liquid ready-to-use
The Randox Cholesterol Total reagent is available in a liquid ready to use format for convenience and ease of use.
Other Features
- Liquid ready-to-use reagents
- Correlation coefficient of r=0.99 with competitor method
- Stable to expiry when stored at 2-8°C
| Cat No | Size | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH200 | 6 x 30ml (S) | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| CH3810 | 9 x 51ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| CH8019 | 4 x 68ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| CH8310 | 4 x 20ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| (S) Indicates standard included in kit | |||||
Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers. Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.
What is Total Cholesterol assay used for?
Cholesterol measurements are used in the diagnosis and treatments of lipid lipoprotein metabolism disorders. Lipids play an important role in the body; they serve as hormones or hormone precursors, aid in digestion, provide energy, storage and metabolic fuels, act as functional and structural components in biomembranes and form insulation to allow nerve conduction and prevent heat loss.
In clinical chemistry, over the last decade however, lipids have become associated with lipoprotein metabolism and atherosclerosis.
A patient will be offered a blood cholesterol level test if they:
-
- have been diagnosed with coronary heart disease, stroke or mini-stroke
- are over 40
- have a family history of early cardiovascular disease
- have a close family member who has an inherited cholesterol-related condition
- are overweight or obese
- have high blood pressure or diabetes
- Have another medical condition such as a kidney condition, an underactive thyroid gland or pancreatitis
Publications
- Sajjadi, S.E., et al. Antihyper lipidemic effect of hydroalcoholic extract, and phenolic fraction from Dracocephalum kotschyi Boiss. Pharmaceutica Acta Helvetiae 1998, 73(3): 167-170
- Wallace, J.M.W., et al. Boron supplementation and activated factor VII in healthy men. EJCN 2002, 56(11): 1102-1107
- Joshi, S., et al. Fish oil supplementation of rats during pregnancy reduces adult disease in their offspring. J. Nutr., 2003, 133: 3170-3174
- Ahmed, H.H. and Manna, F. Curcumin as an effective protective agent against ethinylestradiol-induced hepatocellular cholestasis. EGYPT. J. Med. Lab. Sci. 2004, 13(2)
- Ghorbanihaghjo, A., et al. Effect of nandrolone decanoate on serum lipoprotein (a) and its isoforms in hemodialysis patients. Lipids Health Dis. 2004, 3: 16
- Panagia, M., et al. PPAR-α activation required for decreased glucose uptake and increased susceptibility to injury during ischemia. Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol. 2005, 288: H2677-H2683
- Chen, C-W and Cheng, H-H. A rice bran oil diet increases LDL-receptor and HMG-CoA reductase mRNA expressions and insulin sensitivity in rats with streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetes. J. Nutr. 2006, 136: 1472-1476
- Macut, G., et al. Oxidised low-density lipoprotein concentration-early marker of an altered lipid metabolism in young women with PCOS. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 2006, 155: 131-136
- Moreira Lima, L., et al. Níveis Plasmàticos Elevados de Lipoproteína(a) Correlacionados com a Gravidade da Doenca Arterial Coronariana em Pacientes Submetidos à Angiografia (Increased Serum Levels of Lipoprotein(a) Correlated with the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Submitted to Angiography. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia. 2006, 87(3): 260-266
- Oyetayo, F.L. Responses of plasma lipids to edible mushroom diets in albino rats. Afr. J. Biotechnol. 2006, 5(13): 1263-1266
- James, A.P., et al. Prior exercise does not affect chylomicron particle number following a mixed meal of moderate fat content. Lipids Health Dis. 2007, 6: 8
- Shen, L., et al. Hypothalamic apolipoprotein A-IV is regulated by leptin. Endocrinology. 2007, 148(6): 2681-2689
- Lawal, H.A., et al. Hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects of aqueous leaf extract of Murraya koenigii in normal and alloxan-diabetic rats. Nigerian Journal of Physiological Sciences. 2008, 23(1-2): 37-40
- Mineo, D., et al. Effects of lung volume reduction surgery for emphysema on glycolipidic hormones. Chest. 2008, 134(1): 30-37
- Zaragozá, M.C., et al. Toxicity and antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo of two Fecus vesiculosus extracts. J. Agric. Food. Chem. 2008, 56: 7773-7780
- Bajaj, S., et al. A case-control study on insulin resistance, metabolic co-variates and prediction score in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Indian J. Med. Res. 2009, 129: 285-292
- Chou T-W., et al. A Rice bran oil diet improves lipid abnormalities and suppress hyperinsulinemic responses in rats with streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced Type 2 diabetes. J.Clin. Biochem.Nutr. 2009, 45(1): 29-36
- Hossein-nezhad, A., et al. Association of VDR gene polymorphism with insulin resistance in diabetic patients. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Lipid Disorders. 2009, 143-150
- Komolafe, O.A., et al. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes alters the serum lipid profiles of adult Wistar rats. The internet Journal of Cardiovascular Research 2009, 7(1) doi: 10.5580/2251
- Lim, W,Y.A., et al. Lipoprotein lipase expression, serum lipid and tissue lipid deposition in orally administered glycyrrhizic acid-treated rats. Lipids in Health and Disease, 2009, 8: 31
- Perše, M., et al. Effect of high-fat mixed-lipid diet and exercise on the antioxidant system in skeletal and cardiac muscles of rats with colon carcinoma. Pharmacol. Rep. 2009, 61(5): 909-916
- Rhodes, P., et al. Adult-onset obesity reveals prenatal programming of glucose-insulin sensitivity in male sheep nutrient restricted during late gestation. PloS ONE 2009, 4(10): e7393
- Velasco-Martínez, R.M., et al. Obesity and insulin resistance among adolescents from Chiapas. Nutr. Hosp. 2009, 24(2)
- Eu, C.H.A., et al. Glycyrrhizic acid improved lipoprotein lipase expression, insulin sensitivity, serum lipid and lipid deposition in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Lipids and Health Disease. 2010, 9: 81
- Mahadik, S.R. et al. Role of adipocytokines in insulin resistance: Studies from Urban Western Indian Population. Int. J. Diabetes & Metab. 2010, 18(9): 35-42
- Wonnacott, K.E. et al. Dietary omega-3 and-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids affect the composition and development of sheep granulose cells, oocytes and embryos. Reproduction. 2010, 139(1): 57-69
- Kojic, Z., et al. Effect of captopril on serum lipid levels and cardiac mitochondrial oxygen consumption in experimentally-induced hypercholesterolemia in rabbits. Physiol. Res. 2011, 60(1): S177-S184
- Srinivasa, G., et al. Comparison between serum insulin levels and its resistance with biochemical, clinical and anthropometric parameters in South Indian children and adolescents. Ind. J. Biochem. 2011, 26(1): 22-27
- Yahaya, N. et al. Type 2 diabetes with good glycemic control have improved insulin response and lower non-esterified fatty acid level after a meal challenge. Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2012, 2(1): 1-7
Related Products
LDL Cholesterol
Reagent | LDL Cholesterol
Key Benefits
Exceptional correlation with standard methods
A correlation coefficient of r=0.99 was found when measured against the Ultracentrifugation method
Excellent stability
Stable to expiry when stored at +2 to +8°C
Other Features
- Direct Clearance Method
- Liquid ready-to-use reagents
- Correlation coefficient of r=0.99 with Ultracentrifugation method
- Stable to expiry when stored at +2 to +8°C
| Cat No | Size | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH2656 | R1 6 x 78ml (L) R2 3 x 52ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| CH3841 | R1 3 x 51ml (L) R2 3 x 20ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| CH8032 | R1 4 x 19.2ml (L) R2 4 x 10.1ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| (L) Indicates liquid option | |||||
Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers. Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.
What is LDL Cholesterol assay used for?
Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) are synthesised in the liver by the action of various Lipolytic enzymes on triglyceride rich Very Low Density Lipoproteins (VLDLs). Specific LDL receptors exist to facilitate the elimination of LDL from plasma by liver parenchymal cells. It has been shown that most of the cholesterol stored in atherosclerotic plaques originates from LDL. For this reason the LDL-Cholesterol concentration is considered to be the most important clinical predictor, of all single parameters, with respect to coronary atherosclerosis.
Accurate measurement of LDL-Cholesterol is of vital importance in therapies which focus on lipid reduction to prevent atherosclerosis or reduce its progress and to avoid plaque rupture.
It is recommended a patient get tested when aged 40; as part of a routine CV health check; if they are already thought to be at risk of CVD for another reason; or to monitor their response to treatments which lower LDL Cholesterol.
- Moloney, F., et al. Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation, insulin sensitivity, and lipoprotein metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus 1,2,3. Am. J. Clin. Nutr. 2004, 80(4): 887-895
- Nowak, M., et al. Changes in lipid metabolism in women with age-related macular degeneration. Clin. Exp. Med., 2005, 4(4): 183-187
- Chen, C-W and Cheng, H-H. A rice bran oil diet increases LDL-receptor and HMG-CoA reductase mRNA expressions and insulin sensitivity in rats with streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetes. J. Nutr. 2006, 136: 1472-1476
- Moreira Lima, L., et al. Níveis Plasmàticos Elevados de Lipoproteína(a) Correlacionados com a Gravidade da Doenca Arterial Coronariana em Pacientes Submetidos à Angiografia (Increased Serum Levels of Lipoprotein(a) Correlated with the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Submitted to Angiography. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia. 2006, 87(3): 260-266
- Chou T-W., et al. A Rice bran oil diet improves lipid abnormalities and suppress hyperinsulinemic responses in rats with streptozotocin/nicotinamide-induced Type 2 diabetes. J.Clin. Biochem.Nutr. 2009, 45(1): 29-36
- Rhodes, P., et al. Adult-onset obesity reveals prenatal programming of glucose-insulin sensitivity in male sheep nutrient restricted during late gestation. PloS ONE 2009, 4(10): e7393
- Wonnacott, K.E. et al. Dietary omega-3 and-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids affect the composition and development of sheep granulose cells, oocytes and embryos. Reproduction. 2010, 139(1): 57-69
- Ganguli, D., et al. Association between inflammatory markers and cardiovascular risk factors in women from Kolkata, W.B, India. Arq. Bras. Cardiol. 2011, 96(1): Epub
- Srinivasa, G., et al. Comparison between serum insulin levels and its resistance with biochemical, clinical and anthropometric parameters in South Indian children and adolescents. Ind. J. Biochem. 2011, 26(1): 22-27
- Yahaya, N. et al. Type 2 diabetes with good glycemic control have improved insulin response and lower non-esterified fatty acid level after a meal challenge. Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2012, 2(1): 1-7
High Sensitivity CRP
Reagent | High Sensitivity CRP
Key Benefits of the Randox High Sensitivity CRP
Limited Interference
From Conjugate and Free Bilirubin, Haemoglobin, Intralipid and Triglycerides
Wide measuring range
High Sensitivity CRP assay has a wide measuring range of 0.270 – 10 mg/l which will comfortably detect levels outside of the healthy range
Excellent stability
Stable to expiry when stored at 2-8⁰C
Randox High Sensitivity CRP (Latex Enhanced Immunoturbidimetric)
- Latex Enhanced Immunoturbidimetric method
- Liquid ready-to-use reagents
- Stable to expiry when stored at 2-8⁰C
- Measuring range 0.270-10 mg/l
Ordering information
| Cat No | Size | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CP3885 | R1 2 x 11ml(L) R2 2 x 11ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| (L) Indicates liquid option | |||||
Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers. Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.
What is High Sensitivity CRP assay used for?
C-reactive protein is present in serum of normal individuals at levels between 0-5mg/l. Research has indicated that CRP levels, which are within the normal range, can be used in a variety of different population subgroups for the assessment of cardiovascular risk for developing a fatal myocardial infarction. CRP levels within the normal range have been associated with coronary heart disease mortality in high-risk individuals. Elevated serum cholesterol levels, elevated diastolic blood pressure and cigarette smoking indicate high-risk.
A complete clinical history is required for accurate interpretation of CRP levels. CRP levels within the normal range may be affected by a number of different factors and should always be compared to previous values.
Publications
Cardiology Panel
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HDL Cholesterol
Reagent | HDL Cholesterol
Key Benefits
There are several methods available for measurement of HDL Cholesterol
Including Direct Clearance and Phosphotungstic Acid
Exceptional correlation with standard methods
A correlation coefficient of r=0.99 for the Precipitation and Ultracentrifugation methods, was verified against the CDC reference method
Excellent stability
Stable to expiry date when stored at +2 to +8ºC
HDL Cholesterol-Direct Clearance Method
- Direct Clearance Method
- Liquid ready-to-use reagents
- Stable to expiry when stored at 2-8°C
| Cat No | Size | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH2655 | R1 6 x 78ml (L) R2 3 x 52ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| CH3811 | R1 3 x 51ml (L) R2 3 x 20ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| CH8033 | R1 4 x 38.2ml (L) R2 4 x 18.2ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| CH8311 | R1 4 x 20ml (L) R2 4 x 9ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| (L) Indicates liquid option |
Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers. Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.
Randox HDL Cholesterol Precipitant-Phosphotungstic Acid
- AMP method
- Liquid and lyophilised reagents available
- Stable to expiry when stored at +15 to +25°C
- Wide measuring range of 0.071-23.7 mmol/l
| Cat No | Size | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CH203 * | 4 x 80ml (L) | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| * CH203 is a precipitant product which can be used alongside the CHOD PAP assays (L) Indicates liquid option |
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Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers. Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.
What is the HDL Cholesterol assay used for?
High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are one of the major classes of plasma lipoproteins. They are composed of a number of heterogeneous particles, including cholesterol and vary with respect to size and content of lipid and Apolipoprotein. HDL serves to remove cholesterol from the peripheral cells to the liver, where the cholesterol is converted to bile acids and excreted into the intestine.
Accurate measurement of HDL-C is of vital importance when assessing patient risk from CHD. Direct measurement gives improved accuracy and reproducibility when compared to precipitation methods.
HDL is usually requested with other tests, either with cholesterol or as part of a lipid profile, including LDL and triglycerides. The combination of total cholesterol and HDL is very useful for screening for the risk of heart disease.
Patients at risk include:
-
- Smokers
- Men over 45 years and women over 55 years
- Those with Hypertension (blood pressure 140/90 or higher or if taking medications for high blood pressure)
Publications
- Wallace, J.M.W., et al. Boron supplementation and activated factor VII in healthy men. EJCN 2002, 56(11): 1102-1107
- Joshi, S., et al. Fish oil supplementation of rats during pregnancy reduces adult disease in their offspring. J. Nutr., 2003, 133: 3170-3174
- Ghorbanihaghjo, A., et al. Effect of nandrolone decanoate on serum lipoprotein (a) and its isoforms in hemodialysis patients. Lipids Health Dis. 2004, 3: 16
- Saeed, B.O., et al. Comparison of three homogeneous methods for measuring high-density lipoprotein cholesterol with a precipitation method in diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. Br. J. Biomed. Sci., 2004, 61(4): 194-199
- Nowak, M., et al. Changes in lipid metabolism in women with age-related macular degeneration. Clin. Exp. Med., 2005, 4(4): 183-187
- Moreira Lima, L., et al. Níveis Plasmàticos Elevados de Lipoproteína(a) Correlacionados com a Gravidade da Doenca Arterial Coronariana em Pacientes Submetidos à Angiografia (Increased Serum Levels of Lipoprotein(a) Correlated with the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients Submitted to Angiography. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia. 2006, 87(3): 260-266
- Mineo, D., et al. Effects of lung volume reduction surgery for emphysema on glycolipidic hormones. Chest. 2008, 134(1): 30-37
- Bajaj, S., et al. A case-control study on insulin resistance, metabolic co-variates and prediction score in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Indian J. Med. Res. 2009, 129: 285-292
- Hossein-nezhad, A., et al. Association of VDR gene polymorphism with insulin resistance in diabetic patients. Iranian Journal of Diabetes and Lipid Disorders. 2009, 143-150
- Komolafe, O.A., et al. Streptozotocin-induced diabetes alters the serum lipid profiles of adult Wistar rats. The internet Journal of Cardiovascular Research 2009, 7(1) doi: 10.5580/2251
- Lim, W,Y.A., et al. Lipoprotein lipase expression, serum lipid and tissue lipid deposition in orally administered glycyrrhizic acid-treated rats. Lipids in Health and Disease, 2009, 8: 31
- Rhodes, P., et al. Adult-onset obesity reveals prenatal programming of glucose-insulin sensitivity in male sheep nutrient restricted during late gestation. PloS ONE 2009, 4(10): e7393
- Velasco-Martínez, R.M., et al. Obesity and insulin resistance among adolescents from Chiapas. Nutr. Hosp. 2009, 24(2)
- Eu, C.H.A., et al. Glycyrrhizic acid improved lipoprotein lipase expression, insulin sensitivity, serum lipid and lipid deposition in high-fat diet-induced obese rats. Lipids and Health Disease. 2010, 9: 81
- Mahadik, S.R. et al. Role of adipocytokines in insulin resistance: Studies from Urban Western Indian Population. Int. J. Diabetes & Metab. 2010, 18(9): 35-42
- Wonnacott, K.E. et al. Dietary omega-3 and-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids affect the composition and development of sheep granulose cells, oocytes and embryos. Reproduction. 2010, 139(1): 57-69
- Ganguli, D., et al. Association between inflammatory markers and cardiovascular risk factors in women from Kolkata, W.B, India. Arq. Bras. Cardiol. 2011, 96(1): Epub
- Kojic, Z., et al. Effect of captopril on serum lipid levels and cardiac mitochondrial oxygen consumption in experimentally-induced hypercholesterolemia in rabbits. Physiol. Res. 2011, 60(1): S177-S184
- Srinivasa, G., et al. Comparison between serum insulin levels and its resistance with biochemical, clinical and anthropometric parameters in South Indian children and adolescents. Ind. J. Biochem. 2011, 26(1): 22-27
- Hossein-nezhad, A. et al. Circulating omentin-1 in obesity and metabolic syndrome status compared to control subjects. Endocrinol. Metabol. Syndrome 2012: S1:008 doi:10.4172/2161-1017.S1-008
- Yahaya, N. et al. Type 2 diabetes with good glycemic control have improved insulin response and lower non-esterified fatty acid level after a meal challenge. Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2012, 2(1): 1-7
Apolipoprotein B
Reagent | Apolipoprotein B (Immunoturbidimetric)
Key Benefits
Excellent stability
The Randox Apolipoprotein B (Immunoturbidimetric) is stable to expiry when stored at 2-8°C
Liquid ready-to-use reagents
Apolipoprotein B reagent comes in a liquid format which is more convenient, and can also help reduce the risk of errors occurring
Applications available
Applications available detailing instrument-specific settings for a variety of clinical chemistry analysers.
Ordering information
| Cat No | Size | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LP2117 | R1 4 x 50ml (L) (C) R2 4 x 9ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| LP3839 | R1 4 x 20ml (L) R2 4 x 6ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
| LP8008 | R1 2 x 10ml (L) R2 2 x 4ml | Enquire | Kit Insert Request | MSDS | Buy Online |
Instrument Specific Applications (ISA’s) are available for a wide range of biochemistry analysers. Contact us to enquire about your specific analyser.
What is Apolipoprotein B assay used for?
The B Apolipoproteins are the main form of protein found in Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL). Two forms of APO B are found in humans. APO B is the main cholesterol carrying protein in the blood and is the ligand concerned with the uptake of cholesterol into cells by the LDL-receptor pathway. APO B shows atherogenic signs and is thus useful for the evaluation of coronary risk.
The test is undertaken:
- When the patient has a personal or family history of heart disease and/or high concentrations of lipids in the blood
- To determine the patient’s risk of developing CVD
- To help monitor treatment for hyperlipidaemia
- To help diagnose APO B deficiency